Summary
The active sites of actin of oneCharaceae species were found to interact with the endoplasmic factor from a different species. Protoplasm was suqueezed out of cells ofChara australis with vacuoles that had been perfused beforehand with a medium containing EGTA and Mg · ATP. Centrifugation of this protoplasmic mixture divided it into the supernatant composed of endoplasmic granules and the precipitate composed of chloroplasts and nuclei. When the endoplasmic granular aggregates were introduced into a tonoplast-freeNitella axilliformis cell treated with NEM to inactivate the endoplasmic factor, they became attached to theNitella gel and streamed longitudinally with the polarity. Treatment of the endoplasmic granules with the strong Mg2+chelator CyDTA (1,2-cyclohexane diamineN, N′-tetraacetic acid) irreversibly inhibited reconstitution of the cytoplasmic streaming.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- APW:
-
artificial pond water
- ATP:
-
adenosine-5′-triphosphoric acid
- CyDTA:
-
cyclohexanediamine-N,N′-tetraacetic acid
- DTT:
-
dithiothreitol
- EGTA:
-
ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-aminoethylether)-N,N′-tetraacetic acid
- HMM:
-
heavy meromyosin
- NEM:
-
N-ethylmaleimide
- PEP:
-
phosphoenolypyruvate
- PIPES:
-
piperazine-N,N′-bis-(2-ethane-sulfonic acid)
- PK:
-
pyruvate kinase
- PMSF:
-
phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride
References
Allèra, A., Beck, R., Wohlfarth-Bottermann, K. E., 1971: Weitreichende fibrilläre Protoplasma-Differenzierungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Protoplasmaströmung. Cytobiology4, 437–449.
Blatt, M. R., Wessells, N. K., Briggs, W. R., 1980: Actin and cortical fiber reticulation in the siphonaceous algaVaucheria sessilis. Planta147, 363–375.
Chen, J. C. W., Kamiya, N., 1975: Localization of myosin in the internodal cell ofNitella as suggested by differential treatment with N-ethylmaleimide. Cell Structure Function1, 1–9.
Imahori, K., 1977: In: Illustration of the Japanese Freshwater Algae (Hirose, H., ed.), p. 761 (in Japanese). Tokyo: Rokkakudo.
Kamitsubo, E., 1966 a: Motile protoplasmic fibrils in cells ofCharaceae. 1. Movement of fibrillar loops. Proc. Japan Acad.42, 507–511.
—, 1966 b: Motile protoplasmic fibrils in cells ofCharaceae. II. Linear fibrillar structure and its bearing on protoplasmic streaming. Proc. Japan Acad.42, 640–643.
—, 1972: A ‘window technique’ for detailed observation of Characeaen cytoplasmic streaming. Expl. Cell Res.74, 613–616.
—, 1982: Effect of supraoptimal temperatures on the function of the subcortical fibrils and an endoplasmic factor inNitella internodes. Protoplasma109, 3–12.
Kato, T., Tonomura, Y., 1977: Identification of myosin inNitella flexilis. J. Biochem.82, 777–782.
Kamiya, N., Kuroda, K., 1956: Velocity distribution of the protoplasmic streaming inNitella cells. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)69, 544–554.
Kersey, Y. M., Hepler, P. K., Palevitz, B. A., Wessells, N. K., 1976: Polarity of actin filaments in Characean algae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.73, 165–167.
Klein, K., Wagner, G., Blatt, M. R., 1980: Heavy-meromyosin decoration of microfilaments fromMougeotia. Planta150, 354–356.
Kuroda, K., Kamiya, N., 1975: Active movement ofNitella chloroplastsin vitro. Proc. Japan Acad.51, 774–777.
Lucas, W. J., Shimmen, T., 1981: Intracellular perfusion and cell centrifugation studies on plasmalemma transport inChara corallina. J. Membrane Biol.58, 227–237.
Nagai, R., Hayama, T., 1979: Ultrastructure of the endoplasmic factor responsible for cytoplasmic streaming inChara internodal cells. J. Cell Sci.36, 121–136.
—,Kato, T., 1975: Cytoplasmic filaments and their assembly into bundles inPhysarum plasmodium. Protoplasma86, 141–158.
—,Rebhun, L. I., 1966: Cytoplasmic microfilaments in streamingNitella cells. J. Ultrastruct. Res.14, 571–589.
Palevitz, B. A., Ash, J. F., Hepler, P. K., 1974: Actin in the green alga,Nitella. Proc. natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.71, 363–366.
Shimmen, T., 1978: Dependency of cytoplasmic streaming on intracellular ATP and Mg2+ concentrations. Cell Structure Function3, 113–121.
Tazawa, M., Kikuyama, M., Shimmen, T., 1976: Electric characteristics and cytoplasmic streaming ofCharaceae cells lacking tonoplast. Cell Structure Function1, 165–176.
Williamson, R. E., 1974: Actin in the algaChara corallina. Nature248, 801–802.
—, 1975: Cytoplasmic streaming inChara: A cell model activated by ATP and inhibited by cytochalasin B. J. Cell Sci.17, 655–668.
—,Toh, B. H., 1979: Motile models of plant cells and the immunofluorescent localization of actin in a motileChara cell model. In: Cell Motility: Molecules and Organization (Hatano, S., Ishikawa, H., Sato, H., ed.), pp. 339–346. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
—, 1979: Filaments associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in the streaming cytoplasm ofChara corallina. Eur. J. Cell Biol.20, 177–183.
Yamaguchi, Y., Nagai, R., 1981: Motile apparatus inVallisneria leaf cells. 1. Organization of microfilaments. J. Cell Sci.48, 193–205.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shimmen, T., Tazawa, M. Reconstitution of cytoplasmic streaming inCharaceae . Protoplasma 113, 127–131 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01282001
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01282001