Abstract
The aim of the study was to clarify the dimensionality and the degree of interrelatedness of measures of cognitions hypothesized by Beck (expectancies),Ellis (irrational beliefs),and Rehm (self-reinforcement)to be important for depression. Depressives were found (a)to have higher expectancies for negative and lower expectancies for positive events pertaining to the self but not for “world” events, (b)to report experiencing a greater number of negative and a fewer number of positive thoughts pertaining to the self but not the “world,” and (c)to subscribe to specific irrational beliefs but not to others. In addition, relatively specific expectancies, thoughts, and irrational beliefs which appear to be uniquely related to depression were identified.
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Reference Notes
Muñoz R. F., & Lewinsohn, P. M.The Subjective Probability Questionnaire. Technical memorandum, University of Oregon, 1975.
Muñoz, R. F., & Lewinsohn, P. M.The Personal Beliefs Inventory, Form M-1. Technical memorandum, University of Oregon, 1975.
Muñoz, R. F., & Lewinsohn, P. M.The Cognitive Events Schedule. Technical memorandum, University of Oregon, 1975.
MacPhillamy, D. J., & Lewinsohn, P. M.The Pleasant Events Schedule. Technical memorandum, University of Oregon, 1971.
Seligman, M. E. P.Behavioral and cognitive therapy for depression from a learned helplessness point of view. Presented at the NIMH Conference on Research Recommendations for the Behavioral Treatment of Depression, Pittsburgh, April 1979.
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Lewinsohn, P.M., Larson, D.W. & Muñoz, R.F. The measurement of expectancies and other cognitions in depressed individuals. Cogn Ther Res 6, 437–446 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01184010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01184010