Abstract
The addition of reactive elements such as yttrium or hafnium to heat-resisting alloys has marked beneficial effects on their high-temperature oxidation behavior, and in particular greatly improves the adhesion of the oxide scale to the substrate. In the case of alloys forming Al2O3 protective oxide scales, the improvement in adhesion appears to be related to the formation of intrusions of oxide into the metal—“pegs”—which hold the scale on. The morphology of these pegs is a function of alloy structure and of the reactive element. In particular, it appears that while the pegs of Hf-containing alloys grow as a result of a diffusion process, perhaps along the oxide-metal phase boundary, the pegs on Y-containing alloys seem to form too fast for this, and it is suggested that stresses established by the oxidation of the Co3Y inclusions lead to the formation of porous short-circuit paths.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
D. P. Whittle and J. Stringer,Philos. Trans. R. Soc. (London),A295, 309–329 (1980).
C. S. Giggins and F. S. Pettit,Met. Trans.,2, 1071–1078 (1971).
I. M. Allam, D. P. Whittle, and J. Stringer,Oxid. Met.,12, 35 (1978).
I. M. Allam, D. P. Whittle, and J. Stringer,Oxid. Met. 13, 381 (1979).
J. Stringer, D. P. Whittle, and I. M. Allam,Thin Solid Films 45, 377–384 (1977).
L. Kingsley, M. S. thesis, University of California, Berkeley (LBL Rep. No. 10952), April 1980.
I. M. Allam, H. C. Akuezue, and D. P. Whittle,Oxid. Met. 14(6), 517–530 (1980).
D. P. Whittle, D. H. Boone, and I. M. Allam,Thin Solid Films 73, 359 (1980).
I. M. Allam, PhD thesis, University of Liverpool, U.K. (1978).
J. Stringer, B. A. Wilcox, and R. I. Jaffee,Oxid. Met. 5, 11–47 (1972).
H. Hindam and D. P. Whittle,J. Electrochem. Soc. 129(5), 1147–1150 (1982).
S. J. Shaffer, D. H. Boone, and R. T. Lambertson,Thin Solid Films 107, 463–472 (1983).
C. Wagner,J. Electrochem. Soc. 106(8), 777 (1959).
C. Wagner,Corr. Sci. 8, 889–893 (1968).
P. J. Grundy and P. Nolan,J. Mat. Sci. 7(9), 1086–1087 (1972).
A. U. Seybolt, dissertation, Yale University, quoted inMetals Reference Book, 5th ed., C. J. Smithells, ed. (Butterworth, London, 1976).
D. P. Whittle, Y. Shida, G. C. Wood, F. H. Stott, and B. D. Bastow,Philos. Mag. A,46(6), 934–939 (1982).
W. W. Smeltzer and D. P. Whittle,J. Electrochem. Soc. 125, 1116–1126 (1978).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pendse, R., Stringer, J. The influence of alloy microstructure on the oxide peg morphologies in a Co-10% Cr-11%Al alloy with and without reactive element additions. Oxid Met 23, 1–16 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01095804
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01095804