Abstract
Current extractive metallurgy techniques for lead refining by the Betts Electrorefining Process (BEP) are reviewed. In the BEP, refined lead (>99.99%) can be produced by the electrorefining of impure lead anodes. The process relies on the selective dissolution of lead which leaves behind a strong and adherent layer of solids (slimes) containing the noble impurities originally present in the anode. The properties of this layer are closely linked to the physical metallurgy of the lead anode. Careful control of microstructure and level of impurities in the lead anode is required, and an essential attribute of the process is the use of the H2SiF6−PbSiF6 electrolyte. This paper focuses mainly on the relationship between the anodic process and its effects. The effect of impurities and electrolysis parameters on the cathodic process are also reviewed. Descriptions of industrial operations of the BEP throughout the world are tabulated.
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González-Domínguez, J.A., Peters, E. & Dreisinger, D.B. The refining of lead by the Betts process. J Appl Electrochem 21, 189–202 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01052570
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01052570