Abstract
Experienced Brachymeria intermediafemales are almost twice as likely to accept a Lymantria disparpupa as inexperienced parasitoids. The sequence of parasitoid behaviors that leads to host acceptance is highly canalized. Experienced parasitoids, however, have a higher probability of initiating host investigation and making a transition from drumming to grasping, which in turn almost invariably leads to ovipositor insertion. Experienced females found the host more quickly than inexperienced females. Host-handling time did not change with experience but was longer in females that accepted rather than rejected the host. Females exposed to gypsy moth odor but not contacting pupae behaved similarly to females that never experienced host-related stimuli.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Barbosa, P., Martinat, P., and Bennett, R. (1986). Consequences of maternal age and development ofBrachymeria intermedia (Nees) and the mortality of its gypsy moth(Lymantria dispar) host.J. Appl. Entomol. 101: 215–223.
Bell, R. A., Owens, C. D., Shapiro, M., and Tardif, J. R. (1981). Development of mass rearing technology. In Doane, C. C., and McManus, M. L. (eds.),The Gypsy Moth: Reseach Toward Integrated Pest Management, USDA Tech. Bull. 1584, pp. 599–655.
Bishop, Y. M. M., Fienberg, S. F., and Holland, P. W. (1975).Discrete Multivariate Analysis:Theory and Practice, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Burgess, A. F., and Crossman, S. S. (1929). Imported insect enemies of the gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth.USDA Tech. Bull. 86: 116–118.
Cardé, R. T., and Lee, H.-P. (1989). Effect of experience on the responses of the parasitoidBrachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) to its host,Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), and to kairomone.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 82: 653–657.
Colgan, P. W. (1978).Quantitative Ethology, John Willey & Sons, New York.
Cornell, H., and Pimentel, D. (1978). Switching in the parasitoidNasonia vitripennis and its effect on host competition.Ecology 59: 297–308.
Dowden, P. B. (1935).Brachymeria intermedia (Nees), a primary parasite, andB. compsilurae (Cwfd.), a secondary parasite, of the gypsy moth.J. Agr. Res. 50: 495–523.
Drost, Y. C., Lewis, W. J., Zanen, P. O., and Keller, M. A. (1986). Beneficial arthropod behavior mediated by airborne semiochemicals. I. Flight behavior and influence of preflight handling ofMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson).J. Chem. Ecol. 12: 1247–1262.
Drost, Y. C., Lewis, W. J., and Tumlinson, J. H. (1988). Beneficial arthropod behavior mediated by airborne semiochemicals V. Influence of rearing method, host plant, and adult experience on host-searching behavior ofMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson), a larval parasitoid ofHeliothis.J. Chem. Ecol. 14: 1607–1616.
Fienberg, S. E. (1980).The Analysis of Cross-Classified Categorical Data, MIT Press Cambridge, Mass.
Hérard, F., Lewis, W. J., and Keller, M. A. (1988). Beneficial arthropod behavior mediated by airborne semiochemicals IV. Influence of host diet on host-oriented flight chamber responses ofMicroplitis demolitor (Wilkinson).J. Chem. Ecol. 14: 1597–1606.
Kaiser, L., Pham-Delegue, M. H., and Masson, C. (1989). Behavioural study of plasticity in host preferences ofTrichogramma maidis (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae).Physiol. Entomol. 14: 53–60.
Lashomb, J. H., Ng, Y.-S., and Metterhouse, W. (1983). Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupal age as a determinant of suitability byBrachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae).Environ. Entomol. 12: 855–857.
Leonard, D. E. (1966).Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) established in North America.Entomol. News 77: 25–27.
Leonard, D. E., Bierl, B. A., and Beroza, M. (1975). Gypsy moth kairomones influencing behavior of the parasitoidsBrachymeria intermedia andApanteles melanoscelus. Environ. Entomol.4: 929–930.
Leonard, S. H., and Ringo, J. M. (1978). Analysis of male courtship patterns and mating behavior ofBrachymeria intermedia.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 71: 817–826.
Lewis, W. J., and Tumlinson, J. H. (1988). Host detection by chemically mediated associative learning in a parasitic wasp.Nature 331: 257–259.
Minot, C. M., and Leonard, D. E. (1976). Host preference and development of the parasitoidBrachymeria intermedia inLymantria dispar, Galleria mellonella, andChoristoneura fumiferana.Environ. Entomol. 5: 527–532.
Papaj, D. R., and Prokopy, R. J. (1989). Ecological and evolutionary aspects of learning in phytophagous insects.Annu. Rev. Entomol. 34: 315–350.
Rotheray, G. E., and Barbosa, P. (1984). Host related factors affecting oviposition behavior inBrachymeria intermedia.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 35: 141–145.
SAS Institute Inc. (1988).SAS IML Guide for Personal Computers, Version 6 Edition, SAS Institute, Cary, N.C.
Sokal, R. R., and Rohlf, F. J. (1981).Biometry, 2nd ed., W. H. Freeman, New York.
Trudeau, D., and Gordon, D. M. (1989). Factors determining the functional response of the parasitoidVenturia canescens.Entomol. Expl. Appl. 50: 3–6.
Tucker, J. E., and Leonard, D. E. (1977). The role of kairomone in host recognition and host acceptance behavior of the parasiteBrachymeria intermedia.Environ. Entomol. 6: 527–531.
Turlings, T. C. J., Scheepmaker, J. W. A., Vet, L. E. M., Tumlinson, J. H., and Lewis, W. J. (1990). How contact foraging experiences affect the preferences for host-related odors in the larval parasitoidCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).J. Chem. Ecol. 16: 1577–1589.
Vet, L. E. M. (1983). Host-habitat location through olfactory cues byLeplopilina claviceps (Hartig) (Hym.: Eucolidae), a parasitoid of fungivorous Drosophila: The influence of conditioning.Neth. J. Zool. 33: 225–248.
Vet, L. E. M., and Schoonman, G. (1988). The influence of previous foraging experience on microhabitat acceptance inLeptopilina heterotoma.J. Insect Behav. 1: 387–392.
Vet, L. E. M., and van Opzeeland, K. (1984). The influence of conditioning on olfactory microhabitat and host location inAsobara tabida Nees andA. rufescens Foerster (Braconidae: Alysiinae), larval parasitoids of Drosophilidae.Oecologia 63: 171–177.
Vinson, S. B., (1984). Parasitoid-host relationship. In Bell, W. J., and Cardé, R. T. (eds.),Chemical Ecology of Insects, Chapman and Hall, London pp. 205–224.
Wardle, A. R., and Borden, I. H. (1985). Age-dependent associative learning byExeristes roborator (F.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).Can. Entomol. 117: 605–616.
Zanen, P. O., Lewis, W. J., Cardé, R. T., and Muliinix, B. G. (1989). Beneficial arthropod behavior mediated by airborne semiochemicals. VI. Flight responses of femaleMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson), a braconid endoparasitoid ofHeliothis spp. to varying olfactory stimulus conditions created with a circular turbulent jet.J. Chem. Ecol. 15: 141–167.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Drost, Y.C., Cardé, R.T. Influence of experience on the sequential and temporal organization of host-acceptance behavior inBrachymeria intermedia (Chalcididae), an endoparasitoid of gypsy moth. J Insect Behav 3, 647–661 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01052334
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01052334