Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Bibliography
Ackermann, R.: 1985,Data, Instruments, and Theory, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
Anderson, J.: 1980,Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications, W. H. Freeman, San Franscisco.
Asher, H.: 1983, ‘The Research Process’, in H. Asher, H. Weisberg, J. Kessel and P. Shively (eds.),Theory-Building and Data Analysis in the Social Sciences, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Bogen, J. and J. Woodward: ‘Saving the Phenomena’,The Philosophical Review 97, 303–52.
Cartwright, N.: 1983,How the Laws of Physics Lie, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
Cline, D., A. Mann and C. Rubbia: 1974, ‘The Detection of Neutral Weak Currents’,Scientific American 231, 108–19.
Collins, H.: 1974, ‘The Seven Sexes: A Study in the Sociology of Phenomenon, or the Replication of Experiments in Physics’,Sociology 9, 205–24.
Collins, H.: 1981, ‘Son of Seven Sexes: The Social Destruction of a Physical Phenomenon’,Social Studies of Sciences 11, 33–62.
Converse, P.: 1970, ‘Attitudes and Non-Attitudes: Continuation of a Dialogue’, in E. Tufte (ed.),The Qualtitative Analyses of Social Problems, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.
Cook, T. and D. Campbell: 1979,Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis for Field Settings, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Cox, R. T., C. G. McIlwain and B. Kurrelmeyer: 1928, ‘Apparent Evidence of Polarization in Beams of B-Rays’,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)14, 544–49.
Crease, R. and C. Mann: 1986,The Second Creation, Macmillan, New York.
D'Andrade, R.: 1986, ‘Three Scientific World Views’ in D. Fiske and R. Shroeder (eds.),Methatheory in Social Science, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Davies, P.: 1980,The Search for Gravity Waves, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Dickerson, R. E. and I. Geis: 1983,Hemoglobin: Structure, Function, Evolution and Pathology, Benjamin Cummings, Menlo Park, California.
Earman, J. and C. Glymour: 1980, ‘The Gravitational Red Shift as a Test of General Relativity’,Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 11, 175–214.
Feynman, R.: 1985,Surely You're Joking Mr. Feynman, W. W. Norton, New York.
Franklin, A.: 1986,The Neglect of Experiment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Friedman, M.: 1974, ‘Explanation and Scientific Understanding’,Journal of Philosophy 71, 5–19.
Galison, P.: 1982, ‘Theoretical Predispositions in Experimental Physics: Einstein and the Gyromagnetic Experiments, 1915–1925’,Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 12, No. 2, University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 285–324.
Galison, P.: 1983, ‘How the First Neutral-Current Experiments Ended’,Reviews of Modern Physics 55, 477–509.
Galison, P.: 1985, ‘Bubble Chambers and the Experimental Work Place’, in P. Achinstein and O. Hannoway (eds.),Observation, Experiment and Hypotheses in Modern Physical Science, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Glymour, C.: 1984, ‘Explanation and Realism’, in J. Leplin (ed.),Scientific Realism, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1970.
Hacking, I.: 1983,Representing and Intervening, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Hacking, I.: 1981, ‘Do We See Through a Microscope?’,Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 62, 305–22.
Hanson, N.: 1958,Pattcrns of Discovery, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Heilbron, J.: 1982,Elements of Early Modern Physics, University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
Holton, G.: 1978, ‘Subelectrons, Presuppositions and the Millikan-Ehrenhaft Dispute’, reprinted in,Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 9, 166–224.
Holton, G.: 1978,The Scientific Imagination: Case Studies, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, pp. 25–83, (page references are to reprinted version).
Hughes, I.: 1985,Elementary Particles, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Kitcher, P.: 1982, ‘Explanatory Unification’,Philosophy of Science 48, 507–31.
Klayman, J. and Y. Ha: 1987, ‘Confirmation, Disconfirmation, and Information in Hypothesis-Testing’,Psychological Review 94, 211–28.
Klotz, I.: 1980, ‘The N-Ray Affair’,Scientific American 242, 168–80.
Kuhn, T.: 1970,The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed., University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Kragh, H.: 1981, ‘The Concept of the Monopole: A Historical and Analytical Case-Study’,Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 12, 141–72.
Laymon, R.: 1985, ‘Idealizations and the Testing of Theories by Experimentation’ in P. Achinstein and O. Hannaway (eds.),Observation, Theory, and Hypothesis in Modern Physical Science, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Losecco, J. M., Reines, R. and Sinclair, D.: 1985, ‘The Search for Proton Decay’,Scientific American 252, 54–62.
Marr, D.: 1982,Vision, W. H. Freeman, New York.
Mayo, D.: 1986, ‘Cartwright, Causality and Coincidence’, in A. Fine and P. Machaner (eds.),PSA 1986, Edward Brothers, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Myratt, D., M. Doherty and R. Tweney: 1977, ‘Confirmation Bias in a Simulated Research Environment: An Experimental Study of Scientific Inference’,Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 29, 85–95.
Nagel, E.: 1961,The Structure of Science, Harcourt, Brace and World, New York.
Pagels, H.: 1985,Perfect Symmetry, Simon and Schuster, New York.
Pais, A.: 1986,Inward Bound, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
Perrin, J.: 1923,Atoms, trans. by D. C. Hammick, Van Nostrand, New York.
Pickering, A.: 1981a, ‘Constraints on Controversy: The Case of the Magnetic Monopole’,Social Studies of Science 11 63–93.
Pickering, A.: 1981b, ‘The Hunting of the Quark’,Isis 72, 216–36.
Pickering, A.: 1984, ‘Against Putting the Phenomena First: The Discovery of the Weak Neutral Current’,Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 15, 85–117.
Pickering, A.: 1984,Constructing Quarks, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Pinch, J.: 1986,Confronting Nature, D. Reidel, Dordrecht.
Rosenberg, A.: 1985,The Structure of Biological Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Schaffner, K.: 1969, ‘Correspondence Rules’,Philosophy of Science 36, 280–90.
Stuewer, R.: 1985, ‘Artificial Disintegration and the Cambridge-Vienna Controversy’, in P. Achinstein and O. Hannoway (eds.),Observation, Experiment and Hypothesis in Modern Physical Science, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Suppe, F.: 1977, ‘The Search for Philosophical Understanding of Scientific Theories’, in F. Suppe (ed.),The Structure of Scientific Theories, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois.
Taubes, G.: 1986,Nobel Dreams, Random House, New York.
Thagard, P.: 1978, ‘The Best Explanation: Criteria for Theory-Choice’,Journal of Philosophy 75, 76–92.
Travis, G.: 1981, ‘Replicating Replication? Aspects of the Social Construction of Learning in Planarian Worms’,Social Studies of Science 11, 11–32.
van Fraassen, B.: 1980,The Scientific Image, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
Watkins, P.: 1986,Story of the W and Z, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Weinberg, S.: 1974, ‘Unified Theories of Elementary Particle Interaction’,Scientific American 231, 50–59.
Will, C.: 1986,Was Einstein Right?, Basic Books, New York.
Woodward, J.: 1986, Review of Robert Ackermann,Data, Instruments, and Theory, Philosophy of Science 53, 455–58.
Woodward, J.: forthcoming, ‘The Causal Mechanical Model of Explanation’, in P. Kitcher and W. Salmon (eds.),Minnesota Studies in Philosophy of Science, volume 13.
Ziman, J.: 1978,Reliable Knowledge, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Woodward, J. Data and phenomena. Synthese 79, 393–472 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00869282
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00869282