Conclusions
The red-shortness of steel is caused by sulfide and oxysulfide nonmetallic inclusions, the types of which are determined by the composition of the steel. The melting points of the inclusions are FeS−FeO 980°C, (Fe, Mn)S−FeO 1120°C, (Fe−Mn)S−FeS 1050°C, (Fe, Mn, Cr)S−(Fe, Mn)S 1190°C, and (Fe, Mn, Cr)S−FeO 1250°C. At lower temperatures the eutectic inclusions are plastic but the development of their deformation and failure is determined by the temperature and degree of plasticity of the surrounding steel matrix, which determine the critical parameters of fracture development.
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Literature cited
T. I. Litvinova, V. P. Pirozhkova, and A. K. Petrov, The Petrography of Nonmetallic Inclusions [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1972).
G. I. Bel'chenko and S. I. Gubenko, Nonmetallic Inclusions and the Quality of Steel [in Russian], Tekhnika, Kiev (1980).
É. Gudremon, Special Steels [in Russian], Vol. 1, Metallurgiya, Moscow (1966).
Additional information
Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute. Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 10, pp. 11–15, October, 1984.
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Gubenko, S.I., Galkin, A.M. Nature of the red-shortness of steel. Met Sci Heat Treat 26, 732–737 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00706508
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00706508