Abstract
The passive and hybrid Q-switching and mode-locking of solid-state lasers, dye lasers, semiconductor lasers and gas lasers is reviewed. The dynamics of saturable absorbers and reverse saturable absorbers is illustrated. The nanosecond pulse generation by passive and hybrid Q-switching of low-gain active media is described. The picosecond and femtosecond pulse generation by passive and hybrid mode-locking in low-gain and high-gain active media is analysed. The performance data of passively and hybridly mode-locked cw femtosecond dye lasers are collected. The pulse shortening of ultra-fast pulses with saturable absorbers in intra-cavity and extra-cavity configurations is discussed.
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Penzkofer, A. Passive Q-switching and mode-locking for the generation of nanosecond to femtosecond pulses. Appl. Phys. B 46, 43–60 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00698653
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00698653