Abstract
The discovery and investigation of optically nonlinear behavior of CdS is reviewed. The development is described from nonlinear anti-Stokes excitation via the characterization of inelastic light scattering processes and the identification of high-density phenomena like biexciton creation, excitonic collisions, and electron-hole plasma generation towards very recent time-resolved gain, light-induced grating, and in particular optical bistability experiments. CdS is thus shown to allow for an extremely wide variety of different optically nonlinear processes and may be regarded as a model material for this field. Possible applications show up for several of the described phenomena.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
R.E. Halsted, E.F. Apple, J.S. Prener: Phys. Rev. Lett.2, 420 (1959)
R.E Halsted, E.F. Apple, J.S. Prener, W.W. Piper: Proc. Int'l. Conf. on Semiconductor Physics, Prague, 1960 (Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, and Academic, New York 1961) p. 776
I. Broser, R. Broser-Warminsky, H.J. Schulz: Proc. Int'l. Conf. on Semiconductor Physics, Prague, 1960 (Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, and Academic, New York 1961) p. 771
R. Braunstein, N. Ockman: Phys. Rev.134, A499 (1963)
E. Beckmann, I. Broser, R. Broser: InLuminescence of Crystals. Molecules, and Solutions, ed. by F. Williams (Plenum, New York 1973) p. 155
F. Pradere, A. Mysyrowicz: Proc. 10th Int'l. Conf. Phys. Semiconductors, Cambridge (Mass., USA) 1970, ed. by S.P. Keller, J.C. Hensel, F. Stern, USAEC Div. of Techn. Inf. Extension (Oak Ridge, TE, USA 1970) p. 101
J. Jackel, H. Mahr: Phys. Rev. B17, 3387 (1978)
C. Bénoit à la Guillaume, J.M. Debever, F. Salvan: Int'l. Conf. on II–VI Semiconducting Compounds, New York 1967 (Benjamin, New York 1967) p. 669; Phys. Rev.177, 567 (1969)
N.G. Basov, O.V. Bogdankievich, A.G. Devyathov: Zh. Exper. Tecr. Fiz.47, 1588 (1964)
C. Bénoit à la Guillaume, J.M. Debever: C.R. Acad. Sci.261, 5428 (1965)
C.E. Hurwitz: Appl. Phys. Lett.8, 121 (1966);8, 243 (1966);9, 116 and 420 (1966)
R. Baumert, E. Beckmann, I. Broser, R. Broser, R. Renz: J. Lumin.18/19, 558 (1979)
J.J. Hopfield, D.G. Thomas: Phys. Rev. Lett.15, 22 (1965)
C.H. Henry: Phys. Rev.143, 627 (1966)
R.J. Briggs, A.K. Ramders: Phys. Rev. B13, 5518 (1976)
R.C.E. Leite, S.P.S. Porto: Phys. Rev. Lett.17, 10 (1966)
T.C. Damen, J. Shah: Phys. Rev. Lett.27, 1506 (1971)
R. Baumert, I. Broser, J. Gutowski, A. Hoffmann: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)116, 261 (1983)
R.G. Ulbrich, C. Weisbuch: Phys. Rev. Lett.38, 865 (1977)
G. Winterling, E.S. Koteles, M. Cardona: Phys. Rev. Lett.39, 1286 (1977)
M. Rosenzweig: Thesis, TU Berlin (1982)
Y. Oka, M. Cardona: J. Physique42, 459 (1981)
S. Geschwind, R. Romestain: In:Light Scattering in Solids IV, ed. by M. Cardona and G. Güntherodt, Topics Appl. Phys.54 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1984) p. 151
D.E. Haueisen, H. Mahr: Phys. Rev. B8, 734 (1973)
K.-P. Dörpelkus: Thesis, University Aachen (1987)
W. Richter: Private communication
A. Mysyrowicz, J.B. Grun, R. Levy, A. Bivas, S. Nikitine: Phys. Lett.26A, 615 (1968)
S. Shionoya, H. Saito, E. Hanamura, O. Akimoto: Solid State Commun.12, 223 (1973)
J. Voigt, I. Rückmann: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)64, K85 (1974)
H. Liebing, P. Mengel, W. Ruppel: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)72, 431 (1975)
J. Voigt, F. Mir, G. Kehrberg: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)70, 625 (1975)
A. Kuroiwa, H. Saito, S. Shionoya: Solid State Commun.18, 1107 (1976)
J. Voigt, G. Mauersberger: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)60, 679 (1973)
H. Kuroda, S. Shionoya: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.36, 476 (1974)
Y. Nozue, T. Itoh, M. Ueta: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.44, 1305 (1978)
J. Puls, I. Rückmann, J. Voigt: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)96, 641 (1979)
H. Schrey, V.G. Lyssenko, C. Klingshirn: Solid State Commun.32, 897 (1979)
G. Kurtze, V.G. Lyssenko, C. Klingshirn: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)110, K 103 (1982)
J. Puls, F. Henneberger, J. Voigt: Wissenschaftl. Zeitschrift der Pädagogischen Hochschule L. Hermann1, 189 (1983)
J. Puls: Thesis, Humboldt University, Berlin GDR (1985)
J. Gutowski, I. Broser: J. Phys. C20, 3771 (1987)
J. Gutowski, I. Broser: J. Phys. C20, 3771 (1987) Ref. 41 and the literature cited therein
D. Magde, H. Mahr: Phys. Rev. Lett.24, 890 (1970); Phys. Rev. B2, 4098 (1970)
H. Saito, S. Shionoya, E. Hanamura: Solid State Commun.12, 227 (1973)
A. Kuroiwa, H. Saito, S. Shionoya: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.45, 1664 (1978)
M. Hayashi, H. Saito, S. Shionoya: Solid State Commun.24, 833 (1977)
R. Baumert, E. Beckmann, I. Broser: 13th Int'l. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, Rome 1976, ed. by F.G. Fumi (Tipografia Marves, Rome 1976) p. 833
G.O. Müller, M. Rösler, H.H. Weber, R. Zimmermann, M.A. Jacobsen, G.V. Mikhailov, B.S. Razbirin, I.N. Ural'tsev: J. Luminescence12/13, 557 (1976)
B.S. Razbirin, I.N. Ural'tsev, G.V. Mikhailov: JETP Lett.25, 174 (1977); Solid State Commun.25, 799 (1978)
R. Baumert, I. Broser, K. Buschick: IEEE J. QE-22, 1539 (1986)
T. Itoh, Y. Nozue, M. Ueta: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.40, 1791 (1976)
H. Schrey, V.G. Lyssenko, C. Klingshirn: Solid State Commun.31, 299 (1979)
H. Schrey, V.G. Lyssenko, C. Klingshirn, B. Hönerlage: Phys. Rev. B20, 5267 (1979)
R. Baumert, I. Broser: J. Luminescence24/25, 617 (1981); Solid State Commun.38, 31 (1981)
H.J. Eichler: FestkörperproblemeXVIII, 241 (1978)
H. Kalt, V.G. Lyssenko, K. Bohnert, C. Klingshirn: J. Luminescence31/32, 861 (1984)
H. Kalt, V.G. Lyssenko, R. Renner, C. Klingshirn: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B2, 1188 (1985)
H. Kalt: Thesis, University Frankfurt, F.R.G. (1985)
C. Klingshirn, H. Kalt, R. Renner, F. Fidorra: 2nd Int'l. Conf. on II–VI Compounds, Aussois (France) 1985, in J. Crystal Growth72, 304 (1985)
H. Kalt, R. Renner, C. Klingshirn: IEEE J. QE-22, 1312 (1986)
R. Renner, Ch. Weber, U. Becker, C. Klingshirn: 3rd Int'l. Conf. on II–VI Compounds, Monterey (CA, USA) 1987, in J. Crystal Growth (1988), in press
R. Baumert, J. Gutowski: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)107, 707 (1981)
R. Baumert, I. Broser, J. Gutowski, A. Hoffmann: Phys. Rev. B27, 6263 (1983)
I. Broser, J. Gutowski: J. Luminescence31/32, 397 (1984)
J. Gutowski: Phys. Rev. B31, 3611 (1985)
J. Gutowski, I. Broser: Phys. Rev. B31, 3621 (1985)
I. Broser, J. Gutowski: 2nd Int'l. Conf. on II–VI Compounds, Aussois (France) 1985, in Cryst. Growth72, 313 (1985)
J. Gutowski: Solid State Commun.58, 523 (1986)
J. Gutowski, J. Schott, I. Broser: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)138, 673 (1986)
J. Gutowski, A. Hoffmann: Phys. Rev. B (in press)
P.Y. Yu, M.H. Pilkuhn, F. Evangelisti: Solid State Commun.25, 371 (1978)
D. Munz, M.H. Pilkuhn: Solid State Commun.36, 205 (1980)
D. Munz: Thesis, Stuttgart (1979)
H.J. Wünsche, K. Henneberger, V.E. Khartsiev: 13th Int'l. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, Edinburgh 1978 (The Institute of Physics, London 1979) p. 615
A. Haufe, K. Henneberger, J. Röseler, H.J. Wünsche, 1981, Int. Conf. on Luminescence, Berlin (West), publ. in J. Luminescence24/25, 413 (1981); Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)116, 191 (1983)
J. Gutowski, T. Hönig, I. Broser: 18th Int'l. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, Stockholm 1986, ed. by O. Engström (World Scientific, Singapore 1987) p. 1413
J. Puls, H. Redlin, J. Voigt: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)107, K71 (1981)
J. Puls, F. Hennberger, J. Voigt: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)119, 193 (1983)
T. Hönig, J. Gutowski, I. Broser: 3rd Int'l. Conf. on II–VI Compounds, Monterey (CA, USA) 1987, published in J. Crystal Growth (1988) (in press)
K.L. Shaklee:Springer Tracts Mod. Phys. 73, 225 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1975)
I.K. Akopyan, B.S. Razbirin: Sov. Phys. Solid State16, 113 (1976)
R.F. Leheny, J. Shah, G. Chiang: Solid State Commun.25, 621 (1978)
K. Bohnert, G. Schmieder, S. El-Dessoumi, C. Klingshirn: Solid State Commun.27, 295 (1978)
K. Bohnert, G. Schmieder, C. Klingshirn: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)98, 175 (1980)
V.G. Lyssenko, V.I. Revenko: Sov. Phys. Solid State20, 1238 (1978)
C. Klingshirn: Habilitation, Universität Karlsruhe (1979)
C. Klingshirn, H. Haug: Phys. Rep.70, 315 (1981)
R.F. Leheny, J. Saha: Phys. Rev. Lett.38, 511 (1977)
R.F. Leheny, J. Shah: Phys. Rev. Lett.37, 871 (1976)
P. Motisuke, C.A. Arguello, R. Luzzi: Solid State Commun.23, 617 (1977)
G.O. Müller, R. Zimmermann: 14th Int'l. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, Edinburgh 1978, ed. by B.L.H. Wilson (The Institute of Physics, London 1978) p. 165
G.O. Müller, H.H. Weber, I. Höricke: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)91, 531 (1979)
H. Saito, E.O. Göbel: Phys. Rev. B31, 2360 (1985)
H. Saito, M. Hayashi, S. Shionoya: Solid State Commun.24, 837 (1977)
H. Yoshida, H. Saito, S. Shionoya: Solid State Commun.33, 161 (1980)
H. Yoshida, H. Saito, S. Shionoya: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.50, 881 (1982)
N.N. Zinov'ev, U. Parmenbekov, I.D. Yaroshetskii: Sov. Phys. Semiconductors16, 151 (1982)
N.A. Vidmont, A.A. Maksimov, I.I. Tartakovskii, V.M. Edel'shtein. Sov. Phys.-JETP60, 1297 (1984)
K. Kempf, C. Klingshirn: Solid State Commun.49, 23 (1984)
F.A. Majumder, H.-E. Swoboda, K. Kempf, C. Klingshirn: Phys. Rev. B32, 2407 (1985)
F. Henneberger, J. Puls, Ch. Spiegelberg: InOptical Bistability III, ed. by H.M. Gibbs, P. Mandel, N. Peyghambarian, S.D. Smith: Springer Proc. Phys.8, 156 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1986)
F. Fidorra, M. Wegener, J.Y. Bigot, B. Hönerlage, C. Klingshirn: J. Luminescence35, 43 (1986)
M. Wegener, C. Klingshirn, S.W. Koch, L. Banyai: Semicond. Sci. Technol.1, 366 (1986)
C. Klingshirn, M. Wegener, C. Dörnfeld, M. Lambsdorff, J.Y. Bigot, F. Fidorra: InOptical Bistability III, ed. by H.M. Gibbs, P. Mandel, N. Peyghambarian, and S.D. Smith, Springer Proc. Phys.8, 129 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1980)
M. Wegener, C. Dörnfeld, M. Lambsdorff, F. Fidorra, C. Klingshirn: Proc. SPIE 1986 Quebec Internat. Symposium on Optical Chaos667, 102 (1986)
H. Rossmann, F. Henneberger: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)131, 185 (1985)
M. Dagenais: Appl. Phys. Lett.43, 742 (1983)
M. Dagenais, W.F. Sharfin: Appl. Phys. Lett.46, 230 (1985)
C.H. Henry, K. Nassau: Phys. Rev. B1, 1628 (1970)
K. Bohnert, H. Kalt, C. Klingshirn: Appl. Phys. Lett.43, 1088 (1983)
K. Bohnert, F. Fidorra, C. Klingshirn: Z. Physik B57, 263 (1984)
F. Henneberger, H. Rossmann: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)121, 685 (1984)
F. Henneberger, J. Puls, H. Rossmann: J. Luminescence30, 204 (1985)
C. Klingshirn, K. Bohnert, H. Kalt, V.G. Lyssenko, K. Kempf: J. Luminescence30, 188 (1985)
H. Kalt, V.G. Lyssenko, R. Renner, C. Klingshirn: Excitonic Optical Nonlinearities, ed. by D.S. Chemla, special issue J. Opt. Soc. Am. B2, 1188 (1985)
H. Rossmann, F. Henneberger, J. Voigt: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)115, K 63 (1983)
F. Henneberger, J. Puls, H. Rossmann, Ch. Spiegelberg, M. Kretzschmar, I. Haddad: Physica Scripta T13, 195 (1986)
C. Klingshirn, U. Becker, C. Dörnfeld, H. Kalt, M. Kunz, M. Lambsdorff, V.G. Lyssenko, F.A. Majumder, R. Renner, S. Shevel, H.-E. Swoboda, C. Weber, M. Wegener: 18th Int'l. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, Stockholm 1986, ed. by O. Engström (World Scientific. Singapore 1987) p. 1667
M. Dagenais, H.G. Winful: Appl. Phys. Lett.44, 574 (1984)
M. Dagenais, W.F. Sharfin: Appl. Phys. Lett.45, 210 (1984)
I. Haddad, M. Kretzschmar, H. Rossmann, F. Henneberger: Phys. Stat. Solidi (b)138, 235 (1986)
M. Wegener, C. Klingshirn: 18th Int'l. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, Stockholm 1986, ed. by O. Engström (World Scientific, Singapore 1987) p. 1675
M. Wegener, C. Klingshirn: Phys. Rev. A35, 1740 and 4274 (1987)