Abstract
Two rival techniques used in the analysis of Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional light beams by thick unslanted phase gratings, namely Fourier plane wave decomposition and 2-D coupled-wave theory, are compared. The advantages and regions of applicability of each are discussed, and the conditions found under which they yield identical results. In particular, the results of plane-wave decomposition are used to provide quantitative conditions for validity of 2-D coupled-wave theory. These conditions are not easily derived using any other technique, and set quantitative limits to how narrow or fast-varying the incident distribution may be before 2-D coupled-wave theory fails. It is also shown that 2-D coupled-wave theory is inadequate when the parameterv 0, due to Kogelnik (1969), which is proportional to the product of coupling rate and grating thickness, is very large.
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