Abstract
A pulsed Nd: YAG laser has been used to perform scattering/extinction measurements in flat, premixed methane/oxygen flames to determine soot particle sizes, number concentrations and soot volume fractions. A discussion is given on accuracies in these determinations with respect to experimental and theoretical parameters. Absorptions were measured through a referencing method which yielded a single-pulse relative standard deviation in the normalized signal of 0.7%. The incident laser fluence was kept below 0.1 J/cm2 in the focusing point in the flame to avoid soot vaporization effects. Interference in the measurements from polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is also discussed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
K.H. Homann: Comb. Flame11, 265–287 (1967)
B.S. Haynes, H.G. Wagner: Prog. Energy Comb. Sci.7, 229–273 (1981)
H.F. Calcote: Comb. Flame42, 215–242 (1981)
A.G. Gaydon:The Spectroscopy of Flames (Chapman and Hall, London 1974
A.G. Gaydon, H.G. Wolfhard:Flames: Their Structure Radiation and Temperature, 4th ed. (Chapman and Hall, London 1979)
W.L. Flower: InRemote Sensing SPIE644, 28–39 (1986)
R.J. Hall, A.C. Eckbreth: InLaser Applications, Vol. 5, ed. by J.F. Ready, R.K. Erf (Academic, New York 1984) pp. 213–309
M. Aldén, H. Edner, S. Svanberg: Phys. Scri.27, 29–38 (1983)
A.C. Eckbreth, P.A. Bonczyk, J.F. Verdieck: Prog. Energy Comb. Sci.5, 253–322 (1979)
M. Lapp, C.M. Penney:Advances in Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 3, ed. by R.J.H. Clark, R.E. Hester (Heyden, London 1977) pp. 204–261
D.R. Crosley, G.P. Smith: Opt. Eng.22, 545–553 (1983)
A. D'Alessio, A. Di Lorenzo, A.F. Sarofim, F. Beretta, S. Masi, C. Venitozzi: Proc. 15th Int'l Symp. on Combustion, Comb. Inst., Pittsburg (1975) pp. 1427–1438
B.S. Haynes, H. Jander, H.G. Wagner: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem.84, 858–592 (1980)
G. Prado, J. Lahaye, D. Siegla, G. Smith (eds.):Particulate Carbon: Formation During Combustion (Plenum, New York 1981) pp. 143–164
H. Bockhorn, F. Fetting, G. Wannemacher, H.W. Wenz: Proc. 19th Int'l. Symp. on Combustion, Comb. Inst., Pittsburg, Pa (1982) pp. 1413–1420
S.J. Harris, A.M. Weiner: Comb. Sci. Tech.31, 155–167 (1983)
S.J. Harris, A.M. Weiner: Comb. Sci. Tech.32, 267–275 (1983)
A. D'Alessio, A. Di Lorenzo, A. Borghese, F. Beretta, S. Masi: Proc. 16th Int'l Symp. on Combustion, Comb. Inst., Pittsburgh, Pa (1977) pp. 695–708
A. Gomez, I. Glassman: Proc. 21 Int'l Symp. on Combustion, Comb. Inst., Pittsburgh, Pa (1986) pp. 1087–1095
S.S. Penner, J.M. Bernard, T. Jerskey: Acta Astronautica3, 69–105 (1976)
W.L. Flower: Comb. Sci. Tech.33, 17–33 (1983)
T.T. Charalampopoulos. J.D. Felske: Comb. Flame68, 283–294 (1987)
M. Kerker:The Scattering of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation (Academic, New York 1969)
C.J. Dasch: Opt. Lett.9, 214–216 (1984)
C.J. Dasch: Proc. 20th Int'l Symp. on Combustion, Comb. Inst., Pittsburg, Pa (1984) pp. 1231–1237
P.-E. Bengtsson, M. Aldén: To be published
R.R. Rudder, D.R. Bach: J. Opt. Soc. Am.58, 1260–1266 (1968)
Landolt-Börnstein (Ed.):Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysic und Technik, II, Band, 8 Teil, Optische Konstanten (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1962)
A. Di Lorenzo, A. D'Alessio, V. Cincotti, S. Masi, P. Menna, C. Venitozzi: Proc. 18th Int'l Symp. on Combustion, Comb. Inst., Pittsburg, Pa (1981) pp. 485–491
M. Frenklach, J. Warnatz: Comb. Sci. Tech.51, 265–283 (1987)
J.-L. Delfau, C. Vovelle: Comb. Sci. Tech.41, 1–15 (1984)
B.D. Crittenden, R. Long: Comb. Flame20, 359–368 (1973)
J.H. Miller, W.G. Mallard, K.C. Smyth: Comb. Flame47, 205–214 (1981)
D.S. Coe, B.S. Haynes, J.I. Steinfeld: Comb. Flame43, 211–214 (1981)
D.S. Coe, J.I. Steinfeld: Chem. Phys. Lett.76, 485–489 (1980)
K.C. Smyth, J.H. Miller, R.C. Dorfman, W.G. Mallard, R.J. Santoro: Comb. Flame62, 157–181 (1985)
S.C. Lee, C.L. Tien: Proc. 18th Int'l Symp. on Combustion, Comb. Instr., Pittsburg, Pa (1981) pp. 1159–1166
OMA III manual, EG & G PARC
R.R. Antcliff, M.E. Hillard, O. Jarrett Jr.: Appl. Opt.23, 2369–2373 (1984)
U. Wolf, E. Tiemann: Appl. Phys. B39, 35–42 (1986)
H. Bockhorn, F. Fetting, A. Heddrich: Proc. 21 Int'l Symp. on Combustion, Comb. Inst., Pittsburg, Pa (1986) pp. 1001–1012
J.D. Felske, T.T. Charalampopoulos, H.S. Hura: Comb. Sci. Tech.37, 263–284 (1984)
W.H. Dalzell, A.F. Sarofim: J. Heat Transfer91, 100–104 (1969)
S. Chippett, W.A. Gray: Comb. Flame31, 149–159 (1978)
A.B. Pluchino, S.S. Goldberg, J.M. Dowling, C.M. Randall: Appl. Opt.19, 3370–3372 (1980)
J. Janzen: J. Coll. Interf. Sci.69, 436–447 (1979)
B.L. Wersborg, J.B. Howard, G.C. Williams: Proc. 14th Int'l Symp. on Combustion, Comb. Inst. Pittsburg, Pa (1973) pp. 929–940
F.S. Lai, S.K. Friedlander, J. Pich, G.M. Hidy: J. Coll. Interf. Sci.39, 395–405 (1972)