Conclusions
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1.
In steels with stable austenite the yield strength and ultimate strength increase considerably with decreasing testing temperatures. The rate of increase in strength increases with decreasing temperatures.
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2.
The formation of nickel martensite during plastic deformation additionally increases the ultimate strength, while the plasticity of notched samples remains satisfactory down to −253°C. The formation of martensite alloyed with manganese greatly reduces the plasticity at −253°C, which in turn causes a decrease of σb and σ nb by comparison with their values at −196°C.
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3.
Manganese, nickel, and chromium have a negligible effect on the strengthening of austenite at 20 to −253°C.
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4.
The plasticity of stable chromium-nickel austenitic steel at low temperatures, determined on smooth and notched samples, depends little on the composition or temperature at 20 to −253°C; the plasticity of stable chromium-manganese austenite increases somewhat with increasing concentrations of manganese but remains lower than in chromium-nickel steel with approximately the same concentration of alloying elements at −196 and −253°C.
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Literature cited
G. Neiber, Stress Concentrations [Russian translation], ONTI (1947).
Yu. E. Andrianov, D. V. Lebedev, and B. M. Ovsyannikov, Coll. TsNIIChM Reports, No. 52, Special Steels and Alloys [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1967).
G. V. Uzhik, Strength and Plasticity of Metals at Low Temperatures [in Russian], Izd. AN SSSR (1957).
Additional information
TsNIIChERMET. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 3, pp. 2–6, March, 1969.
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Ovsyannikov, B.M., Ul'yanin, E.A. Mechanical properties of stainless steels at 20 to −253°C. Met Sci Heat Treat 11, 167–170 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00658722
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00658722