Conclusions
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1.
New die steels with 3–5% Cr surpass steel 5KhNM (5KhNV) in heat resistance and rigidity and have the same impact toughness in small sections. Steel 5KhNM (5KhNV) has better impact toughness and erosion resistance only in large sections (above 100 mm).
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2.
Steels with 3% Cr have almost the same heat resistance as steels with 5% Cr and a lower quenching temperature. Of the 3% Cr steels, the steel alloyed with silicon has better properties (4Kh3VMS).
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3.
Steel 4Kh5MFS has somewhat better heat resistance than 4Kh5V2FS but is more sensitive to decarburizing.
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4.
For commercial use (dies for presses, plungers and dies for extrusion, etc.) we recommend steel 4Kh5V2FS for sections no larger than 120 mm and steel 4Kh3VMS for the same purposes in sections up to 200 mm.
The heat treatments recommended are: 1) 4Kh5V2FS, quenching from 1040–1060°C in oil, tempering at 590–610°C (to a hardness of HRC 45-50); 2) 4Kh3VMS, quenching from 1010–1030°C in oil, tempering at 580–600°C (to HRC 45-50).
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Literature cited
P. Gill, Tool Steels (1962).
G. A. Khasin and G. I. Parabin, Stal', No. 4 (1960).
V. I. Zalesskii, D. N. Korneev, and Ya. N. Okhrimenko, Izv. Vuzov., Chernaya Metallurgiya, No. 9 (1961).
E. O. Golubeva and Yu. A. Geller, Izv. Vuzov., Chernaya Metallurgiya, No. 9 (1964).
Additional information
Moscow Machine-Tool Institute. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 1, pp. 43–45, January, 1969.
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Zuev, V.M., Geller, Y.A. Steels for hot working dies. Met Sci Heat Treat 11, 42–44 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00655173
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00655173