Abstract
Rice bran was superior to other proteinaceous substrates for protease production by Rhizopus oligosporus ACM 145F in solid-state fermentation. Maximum protease yield was after 72 h. The optimal initial moisture content was 47% (a w=0.97). Dried, ground and resuspended fermented rice was the most pratical and effective inoculum preparation, although, in the laboratory, spore suspensions prepared directly from agar slants were more convenient. Inoculum density (from 102 to 107 spores/g substrate) and age (3, 5, 7 and 9 days) had little effect on protease yield.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Adler-Nissen, J. 1986 Enzymic Hydrolysis of Food Protein. London: Elsevier Applied Science.
Battaglino, R.A., Huergo, M., Pilosuf, A.M.R. & Bartholomai, G.B. 1991 Culture requirements for the production of protease by Aspergillus oryzea in solid-state fermentation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 35, 292–296.
Capricorn Indonesia Consult 1989 Enzyme consumption recorded at 500 tons. Indochemical 34, 52–54.
Chu, I., Lee, C. & Li, T. 1992 Production and degradation of alkaline protease in batch cultures of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 14416. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 14, 755–761.
Fukushima, Y., Itoh, H., Fukase, T. & Motai, H. 1989 Continuous protease production in a carbon-limited chemostat culture by salt tolerant Aspergillus oryzea. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology 30, 604–608.
Glenn, D.R. and Rogers, P.L. 1988 A solid substrate fermentation process for an animal feed product: studies on fungal strain improvement. Australian Journal of Biotechnology 2, 50–57.
Gumbira-Sa'id, E. Doelle, H.W., Greenfield, P.F. & Mitchell, D.A. 1991 Protein enrichment of sago starch by solid-state fermentation with Rhizopus spp. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 7, 419–427.
Hanson, R.S. and Phillips, J.A. 1981 Chemical composition. In Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology, eds Gerhardt, P., Murray, R.G.E., Costilow, R.N., Nester, E.W., Wood, W.A., Krieg, N.R. & Phillips, G.B. pp. 328–364. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology.
Hesseltine, C.W., Smith, M. & Wang, H.L. 1967 New fermented cereal products. Developments in Industrial Microbiology 8, 1979–1986.
Hesseltine, C.W., Swain, E.W. & Wang, H.L. 1976 Production of fungal spores as inocula for oriental fermented foods. Developments in Industrial Microbiology 17, 101–115.
Kalisz, H.M. 1988 Microbial proteinases. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 36, 1–65.
Klapper, B.F., Jameson, D.M. & Mayer, R.M. 1973 Factors affecting the synthesis and release of the extracellular protease of Aspergillus oryzea NRRL 2160. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 304, 513–519.
Lonsane, B.K. & Ghildyal, N.P. 1992 Exoenzymes. In Solid Substrate Cultivation eds Doelle, H.W., Mitchell, D.A. & Rolz, C.E. pp. 191–209. London: Elsevier Applied Science.
Malathi, S. & Chakraborty, R. 1991 Production of alkaline protease by a new Aspergillus flavus isolate under solid substrate fermentation conditions for use as a depilation agent. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57, 712–716.
Mitchell, D.A. 1992 Microbial basis of process. In Solid Substrate Cultivation, eds Doelle, H.W., Mitchell, D.A. & Rolz, C.E. pp. 17–28. London: Elsevier Applied Science.
Nakadai, T. & Nasuno, S. 1988 Culture conditions of Aspergillus oryzae for production of enzyme preparation. Journal of Fermentation Technology 66, 525–533.
Narahara, H., Koyama, Y., Yoshida, T., Pichangkura, S., Ueda, R. & Taguchi, H. 1982 Growth and enzyme production in a solid-state culture of Aspergillus oryzae. Journal of Fermentation Technology 60, 311–319.
Nishio, N., Tai, K. & Nagai, S. 1979 Hydrolase production by Aspergillus niger in solid-state cultivation. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 8, 263–270.
Nout, M.J.R. & F.M.Rombouts. 1990 Recent developments in tempe research (Review). Journal of Applied Bacteriology 69, 609–633.
Thakur, M.S., Karanth, N.G. & Nand, K. 1990 Production of fungal rennet by Mucor miehei using solid-state fermentation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 32, 409–413.
Wang, H.L., Vespa, J.B. & Hesseltine, C.W. 1974 Acid protease production by fungi used in soybean food fermentation. Applied Microbiology 27, 906–911.
Yokotsuka, T. 1991. Proteinaceous fermented foods and condiments prepared with koji molds. In Handbook of Applied Mycology, eds Arora, D.K., Mukerji, K.G. & Marth, E.H. pp. 329–373. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Additional information
The authors are with the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ikasari, L., Mitchell, D.A. Protease production by Rhizopus oligosporus in solid-state fermentation. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 10, 320–324 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00414872
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00414872