Abstract
Life table estimates of intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) were used to assess chronic toxicity of Kepone to the copepod Eurytemora affinis (Poppe). The acute toxicity (48-h LC 50) was determined to be 40μg 1-1 (95% CL 33.9–47.2). A reduction in r was observed at all concentrations above 5 μg 1-1, and r was near zero at 20 μg 1-1. This was due to the combination of lowered survivorship, delayed onset of reproduction and reduced fecundity. We discuss the value of the life table approach both as an experimental protocol and an ecologically realistic bioassay of chronic effects, and document that as few as 21 d are sufficient as an adequate test duration.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Literature Cited
Allan, J. D.: Life history patterns in zooplankton. Am. Nat. 110, 165–180 (1976)
Bahner, L. H., A. J. Wilson, J. M. Sheppard, L. R. Goodman, G. E. Walsh and J. M. Patrick, Jr.: Kepone® bioconcentration, accumulation, loss, and transfer through estuarine fod chains. Chesapeake Sci. 18, 299–308 (1977)
Bell, M. A., R. A. Ewing and G. A. Lutz: Reviews of the environmental effects of pollutants: I. Mirex and Kepone, 235 pp. EPA-600/1-78-013. 1979
Birch, L. C.: The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population. J. Anim. Ecol. 17, 15–26 (1948)
Carlson, D. A., K. A. Konyha, W. B. Wheeler, G. P. Marshall and R. G. Zaylskie: Mirex in the environment: its degradation to Kepone and related compounds. Science, N. Y. 194, 939–941 (1976)
Daniels, R. E. and J. D. Allan: Life table evaluation of chronic exposure to a pesticide. Can J. Fish. Aquatic Sci. 39, 485–494 (1981)
Eaton, J. G.: Recent developments in the use of laboratory bioassays to determine “safe” levels of toxicants for fish, pp 107–118. In: Bioassay techniques and environmental chemistry. Ed. by G. E. Glass. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Sience Publishers 1973
Fisher, R. A.: The genetical theory of natural selection, 291 pp. 2nd ed. New York: Dover Publ. 1958
Hansen, D. J., L. R. Goodman and A. J. Wilson: Kepone® chronic effects on embryo, fry, juvenile, and adult sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). Chesapeake Sci. 18, 227–232 (1977)
Heinle, D. R. and D. A. Flemer: Carbon requirements of a population of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis. Mar. Biol. 31, 235–247 (1975)
Hollander, M. and D. A. Wolfe: Nonparametric statistical methods, 503 pp. New York: Wiley 1973
Hummon, W. D.: Effects of DDT on longevity and reproductive rate in Lepidodermella squammata (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotidae). Am. Midl. Nat. 92, 327–339 (1974)
Litchfield, J. T. and F. Wilcoxon: A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 96, 99–113 (1949)
Lotka A. J.: Elements of physical biology, 460 pp. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Company 1925
Marshall, J. S.: The effects of continuous gamma radiation on the intrinsic rate of natural increase of Daphnia pulex. Ecology 43, 598–507 (1962)
Marshall, J. S.: Population dynamics of Daphnia galeata mendotae as modified by chronic cadmium stress. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 35, 461–469 (1978)
NAS-NAE: Water quality criteria, 244pp. EPA-R-73-033. 1972
Nimmo, D. W. R., L. H. Bahner, R. A. Rigby, J. M. Sheppard and A. J. Wilson: Mysidopsis bahia: an estuarine species suitable for life-cycle toxicity tests to determine the effects of a pollutant. In: Aquatic toxicology and nazard evaluation, pp 109–116. Ed. by F. L. Mayer and J. L. Hamelink. ASTM STP 634, American Society for Testing and Materials 1977
Orndorff, S. A. and R. R. Colwell: Distribution and characterization of Kepone-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment. Appl. environ. Microbiol. 39, 611–622 (1980)
Ricklefs, R. E.: Ecology, 861 pp. Newton Mass.: Chiron Press 1973
Schimmel, S. C. and A. J. Wilson: Acute toxicity of Kepone to four estuarine animals. Chesapeake Sci. 18, 224–227 (1977)
Schimmel, S. C., J. M. Patrick, Jr., L. F. Faas, J. L. Oglesby and A. J. Wilson, Jr.: Kepone®: Toxicity to and bioaccumulation by blue crabs. Estuaries 2, 8–14 (1979)
Sokal, R. R. and F. J. Rohlf: Biometry, 776 pp. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman 1969
Sprague, J. B.: Current status of sublethal tests of pollutants on aquatic organisms. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33, 1988–1992 (1976)
Stein, J. R.: Handbook of phycological methods, culture methods, and growth measurements, 448 pp. London: Cambridge University Press 1973
Walsh, G. E., K. Ainsworth and A. J. Wilson, Jr.: Toxicity and uptake of Kepone in marine unicellular algae. Chesapeake Sci. 18, 222–23 (1977)
Winner, R. W. and M. P. Farrell: Acute and chronic toxicity of copper to four species of Daphnia. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33, 1685–1691 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by S. K. Pierce, College Park
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Allan, J.D., Daniels, R.E. Life table evaluation of chronic exposure of Eurytemora affinis (Copepoda) to Kepone. Mar. Biol. 66, 179–184 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397191
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397191