Abstract
A Permo-Triassic pelite-carbonate rock series (with interacalated metabasitic rocks) in the Cordilleras Béticas, Spain, was metamorphosed during the Alpine metamorphism at high pressures (P min near 18 kbar). The rocks show well preserved sedimentary features of evaporites such as pseudomorphs of talc, of kyanite-phengitetalc-biotite, and of quartz after sulfate minerals, and relicts of baryte, anhydrite, NaCl, and KCl, indicating a salt-clay mixture of illite, chlorite, talc, and halite as the original rock. The evaporitic metapelites have a whole rock composition characterized by high Mg/(Mg+Ca) ratios>0.7, variable alkaline and Sr, Ba, contents, but are mostly K2O rich (<8.8 wt%). The F (<2600 ppm), Cl (<3600 ppm), and P2O5 (<0.24 wt%) contents are also high. The pelitic member of this series is a fine grained biotite rock. Kyanite-phengite-talc-biotite aggregates in pseudomorphs developed in the high pressure stage. Albite-rich plagioclase was formed when the rocks crossed the albite stability curve in the early stages of the uplift. Scapolite, rich in NaCl (Ca/(Ca+Na) mol% 24–40) and poor in SO4, with Cl/(Cl+CO3) ratios between 0.6 and 0.8, formed as porphyroblasts, sometimes replacing up to 60% of the rock in a late stage of metamorphism (between 10 and 5 kbar, near 600°C). No reaction with albite is observed, and the scapolite formed from biotite by:
Calculated fluid composition in equilibrium with scapolite indicates varying salt concentrations in the fluid. Distribution of Cl and F in biotite and apatite also indicates varying fluid compositions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Aitken BG (1983) T-X CO2stability relations and phase equilibria of a calcic carbonate scapolite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:351–362
Arnold M, Guillou JJ (1981) Les filons métallifères hercyniens. Origine de l'anhydrite et mécanisme de la pseudomorphose subséquente: proposition d'un modèle. Sci Terre 24:173–195
Balanya JC, García-Dueñas V (1986) Grandes fallas de contracción y de extensión implicadas en el contacto entre los dominios de Alborán y Sudibérico en el Arco de Gibraltar. Geogaceta 1:19–20
Bodinier JL, Morten L, Puga E, Diaz de Federico A (1987) Geochemistry of metabasites from the Nevado-Filábride Complex, Betic Cordilleras Spain: relics of a dismembered ophiolitic sequence. Lithos 20:235–245
Braitsch (1962) Entstehung und Stoffbestand der Salzlagerstaetten. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Chamberlain CP, Docka A, Post JE, Burham ChW (1985) Scapolite: alkali atom configuration, antiphase domains, and compositional variations. Am Mineral 70:134–140
Chatterjee ND (1972) The upper stability limit of the assemblage paragonite+quartz and its natural occurrences. Contrib Mineral Petrol 42:259–271
Chopin Ch (1981) Talc-phengite: a widespread assemblage in high grade pelitic blueschist of western Alps. J Petrol 22:628–650
Egeler CG (1963) On the tectonics of the Eastern Betic Cordilleras. Geol Rundsch 53:260–269
Ellis DE (1978) Stability and phase equilibria of chloride and carbonate-bearing scapolites at 750°C and 4000 bar. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42:1271–1281
Eugster H, Prostka HJ (1960) Synthetic scapolites (abstract). Bull Geol Soc Am 71:1858
Evans G (1970) Genesis of sylvite- and carnallite-bearing rocks from Wallace Nova Scotia In: Ron JL, Dellwing LF (eds) 3rd Symp Salt 1:239–245
Evans BW, Shaw DM, Haugton DR (1969) Scapolite stoichiometry. Contrib Mineral Petrol 24:295–305
Franz G (1982) The brucite-periclace equilibrium at reduced H2O activities: some information about the system H2O-NaCl. Am J Sci 282:1325–1339
Galindo-Zaldivar J (1990) Geometría y cinemática de las deformaciones neógenas en Sierra Nevada (Cordilleras Béticas). Thesis Univ Granada
Galindo J, Gonzalez-Lodeiro F, Gómez-Pugnaire MT, Jabaloy A, Julivert M (1991) Introduction to the geology of the Betic Cordilleras. ICE Univ Granada
Goldsmith JR, Newton RC (1977) Scapolite-plagioclase stability relations at high-pressures and temperatures in the system NaAlSi3O8-CaAl2Si2-CaCO3-CaSO4. Am Mineral 62:1063–1081
Gómez-Pugnaire MT (1981) Evolución del metamorfismo alpino en el Complejo Nevado-Filábride de la Sierra de Baza (Cordilleras Béticas España). Tecniterrae 4:1–130
Gómez-Pugnaire MT, Cámara F (1990) La asociaciòn de alta presión distena+talco+fengita coexistente con escapolita en metapelitas de origen evaporítico Complejo Nevado-Filábride (Cordilleras Béticas). Rev Soc Geol Esp 8:87–96
Gómez-Pugnaire MT, Fernandez-Soler JM (1987) High-pressure metamorphism in metabasites from the Betic Cordilleras (SE Spain) and its evolution during the alpine orogeny. Contrib Mineral Petrol 95:231–244
Gómez-Pugnaire MT, Sassi F, Visonà D (1978) Sobre la presencia de paragonita y pirofilita en las filitas del Complejo Nevado-Filábride en la Sierra de Baza (Cordilleras Béticas España). Bol Geol Mineral 89:468–474
Gómez-Pugnaire MT, Fontboté JM, Sassi FP (1981a) On the occurence of a metaconglomerate in the Sierra de Baza (Nevado-Filábride Complex, Betic Cordilleras, Spain). Neues Jahrb Geol Paläont Monatsh 3:176–180
Gómez-Pugnaire MT, Torres-Ruiz J, Martinez-Martinez JM (1981b) Escapolita en rocas de las series permotriásicas del Complejo Nevado-Filábride (Cordilleras Béticas). Algunas consideraciones sobre su origen. Bol Soc Esp Mineral 4:37–46
Hietanen AH (1967) Scapolite in the Belt Series in the St. Joe-Clear-water region Idaho. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 86
Hogarth DD, Griffin WL (1978) Lapis lazuli from Baffin Island a Precambrian meta-evaporite. Lithos 11:37–60
Holdaway MJ (1971) Stability of andalusite and the aluminium silicates phase diagram. Am J Sci 271:91–131
Holland TJB (1979) Experimental determination of the reaction paragonite=jadeite+kyanite+H2O and internally consistent thermodynamic data for part of the system Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O with application to eclogites and blueschists. Contrib Mineral Petrol 68:293–301
Holland TJB (1988) Preliminary phase relations involving glaucophane and applications to high pressure petrology: new heat capacity and thermodynamic data. Contrib Mineral Petrol 99:134–142
Jabaloy A (1991) La estructura de la región occidental de la Sierra de los Filabres. Thesis Univ Granada
Johnson EL (1991) Experimentally determined limits for H2O-CO2-NaCl inmiscibility in granulites. Geology 19:925–928
Jong De K (1991) Tectono-metamorphic studies and radiometric dating in the Betic Cordilleras (SE Spain). Proefsch Vrije Univ Amsterdam
Jong De K, Bakker H (1991) The Mulhacen and Alpujarride Complex in the eastern Sierra de los Filabres SE Spain: litho-stratigraphy. Geol Mijnbouw 70:93–103
Massonne HJ, Schreyer W (1989) Stability field of the high-pressure assemblage talc+phengite and two new phengite geobarometers. Eur J Mineral 1:391–410
Moecher DP, Essene EJ (1991) Calculation of CO2 activities using scapolite equilibria: constraints on the presence and composition of a fluid phase during high grade metamorphism. Contrib Mineral Petrol 108:219–240
Moine B, Sauvan P, Jarousse J (1981) Geochemistry of evaporitebearing series: a tentative guide for the identification of metaevaporites. Contrib Mineral Petrol 76:401–412
Mora CI, Valley JW (1989) Halogen-rich scapolite and biotite: implications for metamorphic fluid-rock interaction. Am Mineral 74:721–737
Munoz JL (1984) F-OH and Cl-OH exchange in micas with application to hydrothermal ore deposits. In: Bailey SW (ed) (Reviews in mineralogy 13: Micas) Mineral Soc Am, Washington, DC, pp 469–493
Muñoz M (1986) Estudio comparativo de los cuerpos intrusivos básicos asociados a los materiales de edad triásica de los dominios Subbético y Nevado-Filábride del sector centro-oriental de las Cordilleras Béticas. Geogaceta 1:35–37
Munoz JL (1992) Calculation of HF and HCl fugacities from biotite compositions: revised equations (abstract). Geol Soc Am Abstr Program 24:A221
Newton RC, Goldsmith JR (1975) Stability of the scapolite meionite (3 CaAl2Si2O2-CaCO3) at high pressures and storage of CO2 in the deep crust. Contrib Mineral Petrol 49:49–62
Nijhuis HJ (1964) Plurifacial alpine metamorphism in the southeastern Sierra de los Filabres South of Lubrín. Thesis Univ Amsterdam
Orville Ph (1975) Stability of scapolite in the system Ab-An-NaCl-CaCO3. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 39:1091–1105
Oterdoom WH, Wenk HR (1983) Ordering and composition of scapolite: field obsevations and structural interpretation. Contrib Mineral Petrol 23:230–241
Puga E, Diaz de Federico A, Fediukova E, Bondi M, Morten L (1989) Petrology, geochemistry, and metamorphic evolution of the ophiolitic eclogites and related rocks from the Sierra Nevada (Betic Cordilleras Southeastern Spain). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 69:435–455
Schreyer W (1977) Whiteschists: their compositions and pressuretemperature regimes based on experimental field and petrographic evidence. Tectonophysics 43:127–144
Selverstone J, Morteani G, Staude J-M (1991) Fluid channeling during ductile shearing in transformation of granodiorite into aluminous schists in the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps. J Metamorphic Geol 9:419–431
Serdyuchenko DP (1975) Some Precambrian scapolite-bearing rocks evolved from evaporites. Lithos 8:1–7
Sonnenfeld P (1984) Brines and evaporites. Acad Press, London
Trommsdorf V, Skippen G, Ulmer P (1985) Halite and sylvite as solid inclusions in high-grade metamorphic rocks. Contrib Mineral Petrol 89:24–29
Vanko DA, Bishop FC (1982) Occurrence and origin of marialitic scapolite in Humboldt Lopolith, N.W. Nevada. Contrib Mineral Petrol 81:277–289
Vissers R L (1982) A structural study of the central Sierra de los Filabres (Betic Zone, SE Spain) with emphasis on deformational processes and their relation to the Alpine metamorphism. GUA Pap Geol 2:5–154
Voet HW (1967) Geological investigations in the northern Sierra de los Filabres around Macael and Cóbdar, south-eastern Spain. Thesis Univ Amsterdam
Yardley BWD, Bottrell SH (1988) Inmiscibility fluids in metamorphism: implications of two phase flow for reaction history. Geology 16:199–202
Zhu CH, Sverjensky DA (1991) Partitioning of F-Cl-OH between minerals and hydrothermal fluids. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:1837–1858
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gómez-Pugnaire, M.T., Franz, G. & Sánchez-Vizcaino, V.L. Retrograde formation of NaCl-scapolite in high pressure metaevaporites from the Cordilleras Béticas (Spain). Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 116, 448–461 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310911
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310911