Summary
Aldose reductase was visualized by light and electron microscopy using a goat anti-rat antibody with immunoperoxidase and immunogold, respectively. Ouabain-sensitive, K+-dependent, p-nitro-phenylphosphatase, a component of (Na+, K+)-ATPase, was localized at the electron microscopic level by enzyme histochemistry using p-nitro-phenylphosphate as substrate. In peripheral nerve, spinal ganglia and roots, the Schwann cell of myelinated fibers was the principal site of aldose reductase localization. Immunostaining was intense in the paranodal region and the Schmidt-Lanterman clefts as well as in cytoplasm of the terminal expansions of paranodal myelin lamellae and the nodal microvilli. Schwann cell cytoplasm of unmyelinated fibers were faintly labelled. Endoneurial vessel endothelia, pericytes and perineurium failed to bind appreciable amounts of aldose reductase antibody. However, mast cell granules bound antibody strongly. In contrast, p-nitro-phenylphosphatase reaction product was detected in the nodal axolemma, terminal loops of Schwann cell cytoplasm and the innermost layer of perineurial cells. In endothelial cells, reaction product was localized on either the luminal or abluminal, or on both luminal and abluminal plasmalemma. Endothelial vesicular profiles were often loaded with reaction product. Occasional staining of myelin and axonal organelles was noted. Mast cells lacked reaction product.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Ariyasu RG, Ellisman MH (1987) The distribution of (Na+, K+)-ATPase is continuous along the axolemma of unsheathed axons from spinal roots of dystrophic mice. J Neurocytol 16: 239–248
Ariyasu RG, Nicol JA, Ellisman MH (1985) Localization of sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase in multiple cell types of the murine nervous system with antibodies raised against the enzyme from kidney. J Neurosci 5: 2581–2596
Bagnasco S, Uchida S, Balaban RS, Kador PF, Burg MB (1987) Induction of aldose reductase and sorbitol in renal inner medullary cell by elevated extracellular NaCl. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 1718–1720
Bell MA, Weddell AGM (1984) A descriptive study of the blood vessels of the sciatic nerve in the rat, man and other mammals. Brain 107: 871–898
Betz AL, Firth JA, Goldstein GW (1980) Polarity of the blood-brain barrier: distribution of enzymes between the luminal and antiluminal membranes of brain capillary endothelial cells. Brain Res 192: 17–28
Chakrabarti S, Sima AAF, Nakajima T, Yagihashi S, Greene DA (1987) Aldose reductase in the BB rat: isolation, immunological identification and localization in the retina and peripheral nerve. Diabetologia 30: 244–251
Kador PF (1988) The role of aldose reductase in the development of diabetic complications. Med Res Rev 8: 325–352
Kaneko M, Carper D, Nishimura C, Millen J, Bock M, Hohman TC (1990) Induction of aldose reductase expression in rat kidney mesangial cells and chinese hamster ovary cells under hypertonic conditions. Exp Cell Res 188: 135–140
Kern TS, Engerman RL (1982) Immunohistochemical distribution of aldose reductase. Histochem J 14: 507–515
Lambourne JE, Tomlinson D, Brown AM, Willars GB (1987) Opposite effects of diabetes and galactosaemia on adenosine triphosphatase activity in rat nervous tissue. Diabetologia 30: 360–362
Latker CH, Shinowara NL, Miller JC, Rapoport SI (1987) Differential localization of alkaline phosphatase in barrier tissues of the frog and rat nervous systems: a cytochemical and biochemical study. J Comp Neurol 264: 291–302
Hewelyn JG, Patel PK, Thomas PK, Stribling D (1987) Sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity in peripheral nerve tissue of galactosaemic rats. Effect of aldose reductase inhibition. Diabetologia 30: 971–972
Ludvigson MA, Sorenson RL (1980) Immunohistochemical localization of aldose reductase. I. Enzyme purification and antibody preparation — localization in peripheral nerve, artery, and testis. Diabetes 29: 438–449
Mayahara H, Fujimoto K, Ando T, Ogawa K (1980) A new one-step method for the cytochemical localization of oubain-sensitive, K+-dependent p-nitro-phenylphosphatase activity. Histochemistry 67: 125–138
Mizisin AP, Myers RR, Powell HC (1986a) Endoneurial sodium accumulation in galactosemic rat nerves. Muscle Nerve 9: 440–444
Mizisin AP, Powell HC, Myers RR (1986b) Edema and increased endoneurial sodium in galactose neuropathy. Reversal with an aldose reductase inhibitor. J Neurol Sci 74: 35–43
Mizisin AP, Myers RR, Heckman HM, Powell HC (1988) Dose-dependence of endoneurial fluid sodium and chloride accumulation in galactose intoxication. J Neurol Sci 86: 113–124
Mizisin AP, Powell HC, Calcutt NA (1989) Dose-dependent nerve (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity in galactose intoxication. FASEB J 3: A931
Mrsulja BJ, Zalewski AA, Coping G (1985) Ultracytochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive K+-dependent, p-nitrophenyl phosphatase in myelin. Brain Res 343: 154–158
Nag S (1990) Ultracytochemical localization of Na+, K+-ATPase in cerebral endothelium in acute hypertension. Acta Neuropathol 80: 7–11
Rodriguez M, Wedel RJ, Garrett RS, Lampert PW, Oldstone MBA (1983), Pituitary dwarfism in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Lab Invest 49: 48–53
Shanthaveerappa TR, Bourne GH (1962) The “perineurial epithelium”, a metabolically active, continuous, protoplasmic cell barrier surrounding peripheral nerve fasciculi. J Anat 96: 527–537
Shiono T, Sato S, Reddy VN, Kador PF, Kinoshita JH (1987) Rapid purification of rat lens aldose reductase. In: Weiner H, Flynn TG (eds) Enzymology and molecular biology of carbonyl metabolism. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 317–324
Tharp MD, Seelig LL, Tigelaar RE, Bergstresser PR (1985) Conjugated avidin binds to mast cell granules. Histochem Cytochem 33: 27–32
Vorbrodt AW, Lossinsky AS, Wisniewski HM (1982) Cytochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive, K+-dependent p-nitro-phenylphosphatase (transport ATPase) in the mouse central and peripheral nervous systems. Brain Res 243: 225–234
Wong E, Garret RS, Mizisin AP, Miller AL, Powell HC (1990) Effect of crush injury on aldose reductase in peripheral nerve: biochemical and morphologic studies (abstract). J Cell Biol 111: 490a
Wood JG, Don JH, Whitaker JN, McLaughlin BJ, Albers RW (1977) Immunocytochemical localization of the sodium potassium activated ATP-ase in knifefish brain. J Neruocytol 6: 571–581
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported by the Veterans Administration Research Service, USPHS Grants NIH 14162 and NIH 18715, the California Affiliate of the American Diabetes Association and the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Powell, H.C., Garrett, R.S., Kador, P.F. et al. Fine-structural localization of aldose reductase and ouabain-sensitive, K+-dependent p-nitro-phenylphosphatase in rat peripheral nerve. Acta Neuropathol 81, 529–539 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310134
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310134