Abstract
By using serial sectioning and a new hypotonic bursting technique on primary microsporocytes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), relatively large numbers of recombination nodules (RNs) are observed on the synaptonemal complexes forming during zygonema. In pachynema most, but not all, of these RNs are lost. If RNs represent sites of potential crossing over during zygonema and sites of actual crossing over during late pachynema, the observed temporal and spatial distribution of RNs may provide answers for some classic cytogenetic questions such as: how is at least one crossover per bivalent assured? How are crossovers localized? What is the basis for positive chiasma interference?
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Abirached-Darmency M, Zickler M, Cauderon Y (1983) Synaptonemal complex and recombination nodules in rye (Secale cereale). Chromosoma 88:299–306
Albini S, Jones G (1984) Synptonemal complex-associated centromeres and recombination nodules in plant meiocytes prepared by an improved surface-spreading technique. Exp Cell Res 155:589–592
Bennett M (1977) The time and duration of meiosis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond [Biol] 277:201–226
Brown S (1949) The structure and meiotic behavior of the differentiated chromosomes of tomato. Genetics 34:437–461
Callan H (1968) A radioautographic study of the time course of male meiosis in the newt Triturus vulgaris. J Cell Sci 3:615–626
Carpenter A (1975) Electron microscopy of meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster females: II. The recombination nodule — a recombination-associated structure at pachytene? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:3186–3189
Carpenter A (1979a) Synaptonemal complex and recombination nodules in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster females. Genetics 92:511–541
Carpenter A (1979b) Recombination nodules and synaptonemal complex in recombination-defective females of Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma 75:259–292
Carpenter A (1982) Mismatch repair, gene conversion, and crossing-over in two recombination-defective mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:5961–5965
Carpenter A (1984) Meiotic roles of crossing-over and gene conversion. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 49:23–29
Clermont Y (1963) The cycle of seminiferous epithelium in man. Am J Anat 112:35–52
Counce S, Meyer G (1973) Differentiation of the synaptonemal complex and the kinetochore in Locusta spermatocytes studied by whole mount electron microscopy. Chromosoma 44:231–253
Darlington C (1937) Recent advances in cytology. Second edition. Blakiston, Philadelphia
Ernst H (1938) Meiosis and crossing over. Zytologische und genetische Untersuchungen am Antirrhinum majus. L. Z Bot 33:241–294
Gillies C (1972) Reconstruction of the Neurospora crassa pachytene karyotype from serial sections of synaptonemal complexes. Chromosoma 36:119–130
Gillies C (1984) The synaptonemal complex in higher plants. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 2:81–116
Heller C, Clermont Y (1963) Spermatogenesis in man: An estimate of its duration. Science 140:184–186
Hobolth P (1981) Chromosome pairing in allohexaploid wheat var. Chinese Spring. Transformation of multivalents into bivalents, a mechanism for exclusive bivalent formation. Carlsberg Res Commun 46:129–173
Holliday R (1977) Recombination and meiosis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond [Biol] 277:359–370
Holm P, Rasmussen S (1980) Chromosome pairing, recombination nodules and chiasma formation in diploid Bombyx males. Carlsberg Res Commun 45:483–548
Holm P, Rasmussen S, Zickler D, Lu B, Sage J (1981) Chromosome pairing, recombination nodules and chiasma formation in the Basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. Carlsberg Res Commun 46:305–346
John B, Lewis K (1965) The meiotic system. Protoplasmatologia 6:1–335
Jones G (1967) The control of chiasma distribution in rye. Chromosoma 22:69–90
Kehlhoffner J, Dietrich J (1983) Synaptonemal compex and a new type of nuclear polycomplex in three higher plants: Paeonia tenuifolia, Paeonia delavayi and Tradescantia plaudosa. Chromosoma 88:167–170
Klein H (1984) Lack of association between intrachromosomal gene conversion and reciprocal exchange. Nature 310:748–753
Mollenhauer H (1964) Plastic embedding mixtures for use in electron microscopy. Stain Technol 39:111–114
Moses M (1977) Synaptonemal complex karyotyping in spermatocytes of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus). I. Morphology of the autosomal complement in spread preparations. Chromosoma 60:99–125
Radding C (1978) Genetic recombination: Strand transfer and mismatch repair. Annu Rev Biochem 47:847–880
Rasmussen S, Holm P, Lu B, Zickler D, Sage J (1981) Synaptonemal complex formation and distribution of recombination nodules in pachytene trivalents of triploid coprinus cinereus. Carlsberg Res Commun 46:347–360
Reynolds E (1963) The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron opaque stain in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 17:208–212
Rhoades M (1968) Studies on the cytological basis of crossing over. In: Peacock W, Brock R (eds) Replication and recombination of genetic material. Australian Academy of Science, Canberry, pp 229–241
Rick C (1971) Some cytogenetic features of the genome of diploid plant species. Stadler Symp 1:153–175
Rick C (1982) Linkage map of tomato. Genetic Maps 2:360–367
Riley R, Bennett M (1971) Meiotic DNA synthesis. Nature 230:182–185
Stack S (1982) Two-dimensional spreads of synaptonemal complexes from solanaceous plants. I. The technique. Stain Technol 57:265–272
Stack S (1984) Heterochromatin, the synaptonemal complex and crossing over. J Cell Sci 71:159–176
Stack S, Anderson L (1986) Two-dimensional spreads of synaptonemal complexes from solanacous plants. II. Synapsis in Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato). Am J Bot 73:264–281
von Wettstein D, Rassmussen S, Holm P (1984) The synaptonemal complex in genetic segregation. Annu Rev Genet 18:331–413
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stack, S., Anderson, L. Two-dimensional spreads of synaptonemal complexes from solanaceous plants. Chromosoma 94, 253–258 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290853
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290853