Titanium (Ti) has been used for many biomedical applications. Surface characteristics of titanium devices are critical to their success. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyse Ti surfaces prior to immersion in alpha-modification of Eagle's medium (α-MEM). The ionic constituents deposited onto Ti surfaces after in vitro exposure to α-MEM were investigated using XPS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface studies revealed an amorphous oxide layer on the Ti surface, with a chemistry similar to TiO2. However, after exposure to the physiologic solution for 12 days, dynamic changes in surface chemistry were observed. Ions such as phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) were increasingly deposited as amorphous fine crystalline calcium-phosphate (Ca−P) compounds, having a Ca/P ratio of 1.2 and a chemistry similar to brushite.
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Ong, J.L., Lucas, L.C., Raikar, G.n. et al. Spectroscopic characterization of passivated titanium in a physiologic solution. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 6, 113–119 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120418
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120418