Abstract
DNA sequence, copy number, expression and phylogenetic relevance of the psbA gene from the abundant marine prokaryote P. marinus CCMP 1375 was analyzed. The 7 amino acids near the C-terminus missing in higher plant and in Prochlorothrix hollandica D1 proteins are present in the derived amino acid sequence. P. marinus contains only a single psbA gene. Thus, this organism lacks the ability to adapt its photosystem II by replacement of one type of D1 by another, as several cyanobacteria do. Phylogenetic trees suggested the D1-1 iso-form from Synechococcus PCC 7942 as the next related D1 protein and place P. Marinus separately from Prochlorothrix hollandica among the cyanobacteria.
Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Ajlani G, Kirilovsky D, Picaud M, Astier C: Molecular analysis of psbA mutations responsible for various herbicide resistance phenotypes in Synechocystis 6714. Plant Mol Biol 13: 469–479 (1989).
Anbudurai PR, Mor TS, Ohad I, Shestakov SV, Pakrasi HB: The ctpA gene encodes the C-terminal processing protease for the D1 protein of the photosystem II reaction center complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 8082–8086 (1994).
Bouyoub A, Vernotte C, Astier C: Functional analysis of the two homologous psbA gene copies in Synechocystis PCC 6714 and PCC 6803. Plant Mol Biol 21: 149–258 (1993).
Bullerjahn GS, Post A: The Prochlorophytes: Are they more than just chlorophyll a/b-containing Cyanobacteria? Crit Rev Microbiol 19: 43–59 (1993).
Bustos SA, Schaffer MR, Golden SS: Different and rapid responses of four cyanobacterial psbA transcripts to changes in light intensity. J Bact 172: 1998–2004 (1990).
Campbell L, Vaulot D: Photosynthetic picoplankton community structure in the subtropical north Pacific Ocean near Hawaii (station ALOHA). Deep-Sea Res 40: 2043–2060 (1993).
Chisholm SW, Olson RJ, Zettler ER, Goericke R, Waterbury JB, Welschmeyer NA. A novel free-living prochlorophyte abundant in the oceanic euphotic zone. Nature 334: 340 (1988).
Chisholm SW, Frankel SL, Goericke R, Olson RJ, Palenik B, Waterbury JB, West-Johnsrud L, Zettler ER: P. marinus nov. gen. nov. sp.: an oxyphototrophic marine prokaryote containing divinyl chlorophyll a and b. Arch Microbiol 157: 297–300 (1992).
Clarke AK, Hurry VM, Gustafsson P, Öquist G: Two functionally distinct forms of the photosystem II reaction-center protein D1 in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 11985–11989 (1993).
Clarke AK, Soitamo A, Gustafsson P, Öquist G: Rapid interchange between two distinct forms of cyanobacterial photosystem II reaction-center protein D1 in response to photoinhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 9973–9977 (1993).
Curtis SE, Haselkorn R: Isolation, sequence and expression of two members of the 32 kd thylakoid membrane protein gene family from the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. Plant Mol Biol 3: 249–253 (1984).
Debus RJ, Barry BA, Sithole I, Babcock GT, McIntosh L: Directed mutagenesis indicate that the donor to P680 in photosystem II is tyrosine-161 of the D1 polypeptide. Biochemistry 27: 9071–9074 (1988).
Felsenstein J: Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791 (1985).
Felsenstein J: Phylogenies from molecular sequences: Inference and reliability. Annu Rev Genet 22: 521–565 (1988).
Franche C, Damerval T: Tests on nif probes and DNA hybridizations. Meth Enzymol 167: 803–808 (1988).
Gingrich JC, Buzby JS, Stirewalt VL, Bryant DA: Genetic analysis of two new mutations resulting in herbicide resistance in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp PCC 7002. Photosynth Res 16: 83–99 (1988).
Goericke R, Welschmeyer NA: The marine prochlorophyte Prochlorococcus contributes significantly to phytoplankton biomass and primary production in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res 40: 2283–2294 (1994).
Golden SS, Brusslan J, Haselkorn R: Expression of a family of psbA genes encoding a photosystem II polypeptide in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2. EMBO J 5: 2789–2798 (1986).
Jansen I, Jakowitsch J, Michalowski CB, Bohnert HJ, Löffelhardt W: Evolutionary relationship of psbA genes from cyanobacteria, cyanelles and plastids. Curr Genet 15: 335–340 (1989).
Johanningmeier U, Hallick RB: The psbA gene of DCMU-resistant Euglena gracilis has an amino acid substitution at serine codon 265: Curr Genet 12: 465–70 (1987).
Karabin GD, Farley M, Hallick RB: Chloroplast gene for Mr 32 000 polypeptide of photosystem II in Euglena gracilis is interrupted by four introns with conserved boundary sequences. Nucl Acids Res 12: 5801–5812 (1984).
Kulkarni RD, Golden SS: Adaptation to high light intensity in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942: regulation of three psbA genes and two forms of the D1 protein. J Bacteriol 176: 959–965 (1994).
Lewin RA: Prochlorophyta as a proposed new division of algae. Nature 261: 697 (1976).
Lockhardt PJ, Penny D, Hendy MD, Larkum ADW: Is Prochlorothrix hollandica the best choice as a prokaryotic model for higher plant Chl a/b photosynthesis? Photosynth Res 37: 61–68 (1993).
Logemann J, Schell J, Willmitzer L: Improved method for the isolation of RNA from plant tissues. Anal Biochem 163: 16–20 (1987).
Maid U, Valentin K, Zetsche K: The psbA-gene from a red alga resembles those from Cyanobacteria and Cyanelles. Curr Genet 17: 255–259 (1990).
Marder JB, Goloubinoff P, Edelman M: Molecular architecture of the rapidly metabolized, 32-kilodalton protein of photosystem II: Indications for carboxy-terminal processing of a chloroplast membrane polypeptide. J Biol Chem 259: 3900–3908 (1984).
Metz J, Nixon P, Diner B: Nucleotide sequence of the psbA3 gene from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Nucl Acids Res 18: 6715 (1990).
Mohamed A, Jansson C: Influence of light on accumulation of photosynthesis-specific transcripts in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Plant Mol Biol 13: 693–700 (1989).
Moore LR, Goericke R, Chisholm SW: The comparative physiology of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus isolated from the subtropical open ocean: growth regulation by light and temperature. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, in press (1995).
Morden CW, Golden SS: psbA genes indicate common ancestry of prochlorophytes and chloroplasts. Nature 337: 382–385 (1989).
Mulligan B, Schultes N, Chen L, Bogorad L: Nucleotide sequence of a multi-copy gene for the B protein of photosystem II of a cyanobacterium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 2693–2697 (1984).
Nixon PJ, Trost JT, Diner BA: Role of the carboxy terminus of polypeptide D1 in the assembly of a functional water-oxidizing manganese cluster in photosystem II of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: assembly requires a free carboxyl group at C-terminal position 344. Biochemistry 31: 10859–10871 (1992).
Ohyama K, Fukuzawa H, Kohchi T, Shirai H, Sano T, Sano S, Umesono K, Shiki Y, Takeuchi M, Chang Z, Aota S, Inokuchi H, Ozeki H: Chloroplast gene organization deduced from complete sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast DNA. Nature 322: 572–574 (1986).
Olson RJ, Chisholm SW, Zettler EZ, Altabet MA, Dusenberry JA: Spatial and temporal distributions of prochlorophyte picoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res 37: 1033–1051 (1990).
Osiewacz HD, McIntosh L: Nucleotide sequence of a member of the psbA multigene family from the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Nucl Acids Res 15: 10585 (1987).
Palenik B: Cyanobacterial community structure as seen from RNA polymerase gene sequence analysis. Appl Env Microbiol 60: 3212–3219 (1994).
Palenik B, Haselkorn R: Multiple evolutionary origins of prochlorophytes, the chlorophyll b-containing prokaryotes. Nature 355: 265–267 (1992).
Partensky F, Hoepffner N, Li WKW, Ulloa O, Vaulot D: Photoacclimation of Prochlorococcus sp. (Prochlorophyta) strains isolated from the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. Plant Physiol 101: 285–296 (1993).
Ravnikar PD, Debus R, Sevrinck J, Saetaert P, McIntosh L: Nucleotide sequence of a second psbA gene from the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Nucl Acids Res 17: 3991 (1989).
Saiton N, Nei M: The Neighbor Joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4: 406–425 (1987).
Scherer S, Herrmann G, Hirschberg J, Böger P: Evidence for multiple xenogous origins of plastids: comparison of psbA genes with a xanthophyte sequence. Curr Gent 19: 503–507 (1991).
Trebst A: The topology of the plastoquinone and herbicide binding peptides of photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane. Z Naturforsch 41C: 240–245 (1986).
Turmel M, Boulanger J, Lemieux C: Two group I introns with long internal reading frames in the chloroplast psbA gene of Chlamydomonas moewusii. Nucl Acids Res 17: 3875–3887 (1989).
Tyystjärvi T, Aro EM, Jansson C, Mäenpää P: Changes of amino acid sequence in PEST-like area and QEEET motif affect degradation rate of D1 polypeptide in photosystem II. Plant Mol Biol 25: 517–526 (1994).
Urbach E, Robertson DL, Chisholm SW: Multiple evolutionary origins of prochlorophytes within the cyanobacterial radiation. Nature 355: 267–270 (1992).
Vermaas WFJ, Styring S, Schröder WP, Andersson B: Photosynthetic water oxidation: the protein framework. Photosynth Res 38: 249–263 (1993).
Vrba JM, Curtis SE: Characterization of a four-member psbA gene family from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. Plant Mol Biol 14: 81–92 (1989).
Winhauer T, Jäger S, Valentin K, Zetsche K: Structural similiarities between psbA genes from red and brown algae. Curr Genet 20: 177–180 (1991).
Wu NH, Cote JC, Wu R: Structure of the chloroplast psbA gene encoding the QB protein from Oryza sativa L. Devel Genet 8: 339–350 (1987).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hess, W.R., Weihe, A., Goër, S.Ld. et al. Characterization of the single psbA gene of Prochlorococcus marinus CCMP 1375 (Prochlorophyta). Plant Mol Biol 27, 1189–1196 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00020892
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00020892