Abstract
The behavior of water molecules at the density of 1013 to 1016 cm−3 in a fused silica tube at room temperature has been studied. The number of molecules in the gas phase initially injected in the tube is comparable to the number of molecules adsorbed on the walls of the pre-evacuated tube. The concentrations of molecules in the gas phase were measured by diode laser spectroscopy with an external optical cavity. An off-axis alignment of the cavity with a large set number of transverse modes was used, which made it possible to measure the concentrations of molecules with narrow absorption profiles, temporal resolution of 5 s, and the accuracy better than ±5%. A strong interaction of molecules with the walls was observed. The time behavior of molecules in the gas phase both after the injection of gas into the vacuum volume and after its rapid evacuation under dynamic equilibrium between capture and desorption processes is non-exponential. The characteristic time of these processes 10−11 to 102 s depends on the redistribution of molecules between the gas and the near-wall layers, which is governed by the physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. The theoretical results on the kinetics of the processes are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
J.W. McBain, “Der Mechanismus der Adsorption (“Sorption”) von Wasserstoff durch Kohlenstoff,” Z. Phys. Chem. 68U(1), 471 (1909) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-1909-6831].
J.H. deBoer, The Dynamical Character of Adsorption (Clarendon Press, Oxford, London, 1953).
S.J. Gregg and K.S.W. Sing, Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity (Academic Press, London, N.Y., 1978).
S. Ross and J.P. Oliver, On Physical Adsorption (Wiley, N.Y., 1964).
L.N. Rozanov, Vacuum Technique (Taylor and Francis, London, N.Y., 2002).
L.N. Rozanov, “The Water Outgassing Rate of Internal Surfaces of Vacuum Systems,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 729, 012001 (2016) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/729/1/012001].
D.S. Sajko, V.V. Ganzha, S.A. Titov, A.V. Kostjuchenko, and S.A. Soldatenko, “Examination of Adsorption of Water on Crystal Vibrators. Experiment and a Physical Analog of Process,” Cond. Matter Interphas. 10(3), 249 (2008) [in Russian].
I. Sorokin, I. Vizgalov, K. Gutorov, and F. Podolyako, “Concerning Feasibility of Water Microleakage Diagnostics by Auto-oscillating Discharge,” Phys. Proc. 71, 116 (2015) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.08.324].
ITER Final Design Report No. G31 DDD 14 01_07-19 W0.1 (ITER Organization, St. Paul-lez-Durance, 2001). Sec. 3.1.
A.V. Bernatskiy, V.N. Ochkin, R.N. Bafoev, and A.B. Antipenkov, “Dynamics of the Water Molecule Density in a Discharge Chamber Filled with a Low-Pressure Humid Gas,” Plasma Phys. Rep. 42(10), 990 (2016) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X16100019].
A.V. Bernatskiy, V.N. Ochkin, O.N. Afonin, and A.B. Antipenkov, “Measurements of the Number Density of Water Molecules in Plasma by Using a Combined Spectral—Probe Method,” Plasma Phys. Rep. 41(9), 705 (2015) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X15090032].
A.V. Bernatskiy, V.N. Ochkin, I.V. Kochetov, “Multi-spectral Actinometry of Water and Water Derivative Molecules in Moist, Inert Gas Discharge Plasmas,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 49, 395204 (2016) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/39/395204].
A.V. Bernatskiy and V.N. Ochkin, “Detection ofWater Molecules in Inert Gas Based Plasma by the Ratios of Atomic Spectral Lines,” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 26, 015002 (2017) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/26/1/015002].
S.N. Andreev, V.N. Ochkin, V.V. Zakharov, and S.Yu. Savinov, “Plasma-Chemical CO2 Decomposition in a Non-Self-Sustained Discharge with a Controlled Electronic Component of Plasma,” Spectrochim. Acta. Pt. A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 60(14), 3361 (2004) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2004.01.034].
I.V. Nikolaev, V.N. Ochkin, M.V. Spiridonov, and S.N. Tskhai, “Diode Ring-Down Spectroscopy without Intensity Modulation in an Off-Axis Multipass Cavity,” Spectrochim. Acta. Pt. A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 66(4–5), 832 (2007) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2006.11.008].
V.N. Ochkin, S.Yu. Savinov, S.N. Tskhai, U. Czarnetzki, V.S. von der Gathen, and H.F. Dobele, “Nonlinear Optical Techniques for Plasma Diagnostics,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sc. 26(5), 1502 (1998) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/27.736047].
E.V. Parkevich, G.V. Ivanenkov, M.A. Medvedev, A.I. Khirianova, A.S. Selyukov, A.V. Agafonov, A.R. Mingaleev, T.A. Shelkovenko, and S.A. Pikuz, “Mechanisms Responsible for the Initiation of a Fast Breakdown in an Atmospheric Discharge,” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 27(11), 11LT01 (2018) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aaebdb].
E.V. Parkevich, M.A. Medvedev, A.S. Selyukov, A.I. Khirianova, A.R. Mingaleev, S.N. Mishin, S.A. Pikuz, and A.V. Oginov, “Setup Involving Multi-Frame Laser Probing for Studying Fast Plasma Formation with High Temporal and Spatial Resolutions,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 116, 82 (2019) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.12.014].
S. Brunauer, P.H. Emmett, and E. Teller, “Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60(2), 309 (1937) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01269a023].
L.N. Rozanov, “Desorption Gas Discharge of Construction Vacuum Materials,” Vakuumnaya Tekhnika i Tekhnologiya. 21(3), 143 (2011) (www.vacuum.ru/cgi-bin/zurnal/go.cgi?rnd=9729308&file=2011-21-3-9729308.pdf) [in Russian].
L.N. Rozanov, “Degree of Coating Surface of Stainless Steel by Adsorbed Water Molecules at Low Pressure and Various Temperatures,” Vakuumnaya Tekhnika i Tekhnologiya. 22(4), 197 (2012) (www.vacuum.ru/cgi-bin/zurnal/go.cgi?rnd=1156616&file=2012-22-4-1156616.pdf) [in Russian].
A.V. Bernatskiy, V.V. Lagunov, and V.N. Ochkin, “Measurements of Water Molecule Isotopomer Concentrations in a Discharge of Inert Gas with Addition of H2O and D2 Vapours by the Method of External-Cavity Diode Laser Spectroscopy,” Quantum Electronics 49(2), 157 (2019) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL16819].
I.V. Nikolaev, V.N. Ochkin, G.S. Peters, M.V. Spiridonov, and S.N. Tskhai, “Recording Weak Absorption Spectra by the Phase-Shift Method with Deep Amplitude and Frequency Modulation Using a Diode Laser and a High Q Cavity,” Laser Phys. 23(3), 035701 (2013) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1054-660X/23/3/035701].
G. Gagliardi and H.P. Loock, Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing (Springer, Berlin, 2014) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40003-2].
I.E. Gordon, L.S. Rothman, C. Hill, R.V. Kochanova, Y. Tan, P.F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, A. Campargue, K.V. Chance, et al. “The HITRAN2016 Molecular Spectroscopic Database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transfer. 203, 3 (2017) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2017.06.038].
N. Jacquinet-Husson, N.A. Scott, A. Chedin, L. Crepeau, R. Armante, V. Capelle, J. Orphal, A. Coustenis, C. Boonne, et al. “The GEISA Spectroscopic Database: Current and Future Archive for Earth and Planetary Atmosphere Studies,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transfer. 109(6), 1043 (2008) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.12.015].
V.N. Ochkin, Spectroscopy of Low Temperature Plasma (Wiley-VCH, N.Y., 2009).
V.N. Ochkin, “On the Errors in Measuring the Particle Density by the Light Absorption Method,” Plasma Phys. Rep. 41(4), 350 (2015) [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X15040042].
Ya.B. Zel’dovich and A.D. Myshkis, Elements of Applied Mathematics (Mir, Moscow, 1976) [www.archive.org/details/ZeldovichMyskisElementsOfAppliedMathematics].
I.N. Bronshteyn and K.A. Semendyayev, Handbook of Mathematics, 4th ed. (Springer, Berlin, 2004).
S.R. Morrison, The Chemical Physics of Surfaces (Pienum Press, N.Y., London, 1977).
I. Ralph, Chemistry of Silica—Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties and Biochemistry (Wiley-Interscience, N.Y., 1979)
Funding
This work was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation, Project 19-12-00310.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
About this article
Cite this article
Bernatskiy, A.V., Lagunov, V.V. & Ochkin, V.N. Investigation of the Interaction of Water Molecules with the Surface of a Quartz Tube Using Diode Laser Spectroscopy. Phys. Wave Phen. 27, 165–177 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X19030014
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X19030014