Abstract
Rhabdias paraensis Santos, Melo, Nascimento, Nascimento, Giese et Furtado, 2011 was described based on fully gravid worms. Further investigations on the free-living stages, immature worms and young individuals were facilitated by cultivation in the laboratory, which allowed us to add new information about the morphology and development of the species. Observations on the free-living development of R. paraensis showed that the life cycle is typical of Rhabdias, with alternation of gonochoristic and hermaphroditic generations and without homogony. Males of the free-living generation were different from those in several species of the genus studied previously. In the original description, the excretory glands and duct were absent in gravid specimens of R. paraensis, while in this study, distinct excretory glands and a duct were observed in immature and young individuals. Additionally, we recognised the separation of the buccal capsule walls into anterior and posterior portions and described the specific shapes of these portions in lateral and apical view. Studies on the morphology and development of free-living stages of Rhabdias spp. from Neotropical regions may provide additional information for species determination.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Anderson R.C. 2000. Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and Transmission. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 672 pp. DOI: 10.1079/9780851994215.0000
Baker M.R. 1979. The free-living and parasitic development of Rhab-dias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) in amphibians. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 57, 161–178. DOI: 10.1139/z79-014
Ballantyne R.J. 1991. Life history and development of Pneumonema tiliquae (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae). International Journal for Parasitology, 21, 521–533. DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(91) 90057-E
Chabaud A.G., Brygoo E.R., Petter A. 1961. Description et caractères biologiques de deux nouveaux Rhabdias malgaches. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 36, 752–763
González C.E., Hamann M.I. 2008. Nematode parasites of two anuran species Rhinella schneideri (Bufonidae) and Scinax acuminatus (Hylidae) from Corrientes, Argentina. Revista de Biología Tropical, 56, 2147–2161
Junker K., Lhermitte-Vallarino N., Barbuto M., Ineich I., Wanji S., Bain O. 2010. New species of Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from Afrotropical anurans, including molecular evidence and notes on biology. Folia Parasitologica, 57, 47–61. DOI: 10.14411/fp.2010.007
Kloss G.R. 1971. Alguns Rhabdias de Bufo no Brasil. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, S. Paulo, 24, 1–52
Kloss G.R. 1974. Rhabdias (Nematoda, Rhabditoidea) from the marinus group of Bufo. A study of sibling species. Arquivos de Zoologia, 25, 61–120. DOI: 10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v25i 2p61-120
Kuzmin Y. 2013. Review of Rhabdiasidae (Nematoda) from the Holarctic. Zootaxa, 3639, 1–76. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3639.1.1
Kuzmin Y., Tkach V.V., Brooks D.R. 2007. Two new species of Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from the marine toad, Bufo marinus (L.) (Lissamphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) in Central America. Journal of Parasitology, 93, 159–165. DOI: 10.1645/GE-858R.1
Kuzmin Y., Junker K., Bain O. 2014. Infective larvae of Rhabdiasidae (Nematoda): comparative morphology of seven European species. Acta Parasitologica, 59, 31–41. DOI: 10.2478/s11 686-014-0206-6. DOI: 10.2478/s11686-014-0206-6
Langford G.J., Janovy J. 2009. Comparative life cycles and life histories of North American Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiaisidae): lungworms from snakes and anurans. Journal of Parasitology, 95, 1145–1155. DOI: 10.1645/GE-2044.1
Lhermitte-Vallarino N., Bain O. 2004. Morphological and biological study of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda) from African chameleons with description of a new species. Parasite, 11, 15–31. DOI: 10.1051/parasite/200411115
Lhermitte-Vallarino N., Barbuto M., Ineich I., Wanji S., Lebreton M., Chirio L., Bain O. 2008. First report of Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasoidea) from lungs of montane chameleons in Cameroon: description of two new species and notes on biology. Parasite, 15, 553–564. DOI: 10.1051/parasite/20081 54553
Lhermitte-Vallarino N., Barbuto M., Junker K., Boistel R., Bain O. 2010a. Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from Chamaeleonidae (Sauria): two new species from Trioceros ellioti in east Africa and one from Brookesia superciliaris in Madagascar. Parasite, 17, 91–105. DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2010172091
Lhermitte-Vallarino N., Barbuto M., Junker K., Boistel R., Ineich I., Wanji S., Bain O. 2009. Rhabdias rhampholeonis n. sp. and R. mariauxi n. sp. (Nematoda, Rhabdiasoidea), first lung worms from leaf chameleons: description, molecular evidence and notes on biology. Parasitology International, 58, 375–383. DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2009.07.009
Lhermitte-Vallarino N., Barbuto M., Junker K., Wanji S., Ineich I., Schmitz A. and Bain O. 2010b. The lung nematode parasites of the genus Rhabdias (Rhabdiasidae): diversity and biology in the Chamaeleonidae (Squamata) and hypothesis on their evolution. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 135, 107–116
Santos J.N., Melo F.T.V., Nascimento L.C.S., Nascimento D.E.B., Giese E.G., Furtado A.P. 2011. Rhabdias paraensis sp. nov.: a parasite of the lungs of Rhinella marina (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Brazilian Amazonia. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 106, 433–440. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762011 000400008
Travassos L. 1926. Entwicklung des Rhabdias fülleborni n. sp. Archiv für Schiffs- und Tropen Hygiene, 30, 594–602
Yuen P.H. 1965. Some studies on the taxonomy and development of some rhabdiasoid and cosmocercoid nematodes from Malayan amphibians. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 174, 275–298
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Melo, F.T.V., do Nascimento, L.C.S., Macedo, L.C. et al. The morphology of free-living stages and immature parasites of Rhabdias paraensis (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae), a parasite of Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae) in Brazil. Acta Parasit. 61, 42–51 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2016-0004
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2016-0004