Abstract
The phenomenon of heterosis, known as the superior performance of hybrid organisms over their parents, has been exploited by agricultural practices in the production of various crops since the beginning of the last century; however, its genetic basis has remained obscure. With the experimental data obtained from the study of maize hybrids and mathematical calculations, some genetic models have been proposed to explain heterosis in terms of various types of gene interaction, such as dominance, overdominance, and epistasis. However, each of the proposed concepts has weak points, which impose limitations on the possibility of the overall interpretation of the heterotic response in F1. This review provides a critical assessment of the theoretical concepts of heterosis from the perspective of the currently accumulated data of genetics and molecular biology, which are focused on specific mechanisms acting for specific traits. In particular, the role of lethal and semi-lethal mutations in the formation of a heterotic phenotype in plants is shown. The issues of the interpretation of genetic effects in case of gene linkage, which are referred to as pseudo-overdominance, are considered. Particular attention is paid to nonallelic interactions of genes, which add new nuances when discussing the effects of dominance and overdominance. Information on combining ability and its practical use in the context of the concept of heterotic groups is presented. Some aspects of the genotype–environment interaction are shown. The analysis of the theoretical concepts of heterosis from the perspective of modern genetic data testifies to the important role of various types of gene action in the formation of an outstanding phenotype and confirms the need for a systematic approach to this complex and unique phenomenon.
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Original Russian Text © L.V. Khotyleva, A.V. Kilchevsky, M.N. Shapturenko, 2016, published in Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii, 2016, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 482–492.
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Khotyleva, L.V., Kilchevsky, A.V. & Shapturenko, M.N. Theoretical aspects of heterosis. Russ J Genet Appl Res 7, 428–439 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079059717040049
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079059717040049