Abstract
This work proposes a mechanism for the physical processes underlying the wide practical application of the unique properties of a substance in a critical state—critical fluid (CF)—in contemporary technologies. According to the fluctuation theory of phase transitions (FTPT), this mechanism may be due to the fluctuation and structural characteristics of a critical fluid, which determine its equilibrium and kinetic properties. Among such characteristics are the system correlation radius Rs, the number of order parameter fluctuations N f ~ R -3s per mole of critical fluid, and the fluctuation component of the thermodynamic potential F*f = N f k T c/(P c V c) = C 0 R -3s . These structural characteristics are studied with the use of experimental gravity effect data, such as the altitude and temperature dependencies of the scattered light intensity I(z, t) in a heterogeneous substance (n-pentane) near the critical vaporization temperature. Using these results and the literature data on the formation of Al2O3 nanoparticles with the use of SC-H2O, the propagation velocity of substance molecules v f ≈ 106 cm/s is estimated for the origination and decay of order parameter fluctuations. It has been concluded that just such high propagation velocities of substance molecules most likely cause the unique properties of a critical fluid during their practical application in a number of engineering processes.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. Z. Patashinskii and V. L. Pokrovskii, Fluctuation Theory of Phase Transitions (Nauka, Moscow, 1982) [in Russian].
M. Fisher, The Nature of Critical Points (Univ. of Colorado Press, 1965; Mir, Moscow, 1968).
H. E. Stanley, Introduction to Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena (Clarendon, Oxford, 1971).
K. Wilson and J. Kogut, The Renormalization Group and the E-Expansion (Wiley, New York, 1974).
M. A. Anisimov, The Critical Phenomena in Liquids and Liquid Crystals (Nauka, Moscow, 1987) [in Russian].
M. A. Anisimov, V. A. Rabinovich, and V. V. Sychev, Thermodynamics of Critical State of Individual Substances (Energoizdat, Moscow, 1990) [in Russian].
D. Yu. Zalepugin, N. A. Til’kunova, I. V. Chernyshova, and V. S. Polyakov, Sverkhkrit. Fluidy: Teor. Prakt. 1 (1), 27 (2006).
A. A. Vostrikov, O. N. Fedyaeva, I. I. Fadeeva, and M. Ya. Sokol, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 4, 1051 (2010).
Yu. E. Gorbatyi and G. V. Bondarenko, Sverkhkrit. Fluidy: Teor. Prakt. 2 (2), 5 (2007).
Yu. A. Chaikina, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 5, 1116 (2011).
D. A. Lemenovskii, G. P. Brusova, V. V. Timofeev, S. A. Yurin, V. N. Bagratashvili, and V. K. Popov, Priroda (Moscow, Russ. Fed.), No. 6 (2006).
A. B. Beketova and Zh. M. Kasenova, Vestn. Evraz. Nats. Univ. im._L. N. Gumileva, No. 4, 245 (2012).
D. Yu. Zalepugin, N. A. Tilkunova, V. S. Mishin, I. V. Chernyshova, E. N. Glukhan, and V. L. Korolev, Sverkhkrit. Fluidy: Teor. Prakt. 3 (4), 56 (2008).
A. G. Khudoshin, V. V. Lunin, and V. I. Bogdan, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 5, 1069 (2011).
L. P. Kadanoff, Statistical Physics: Statics, Dynamics, and Renormalization (World Scientific, Singapore, 2001).
P. C. Hohenberg and B. I. Halperin, Rev. Mod. Phys. 49, 435 (1977).
A. Z. Golik, Yu. I. Shimanskii, A. D. Alekhin, et al., in Equations of State of Gases and Liquids (To 100 Years of Van der Waals Equation), Collection of Articles (Nauka, Moscow, 1975), p. 189 [in Russian].
E. T. Shimanskaya, I. V. Bezruchko, B. I. Basok, and Yu. I. Shimanskii, Sov. Phys. JETP 53, 1 (1981).
L. A. Bulavin, Properties of Liquids in Critical Region (Kiev. Univ., Kiev, 2002) [in Russian].
A. D. Alekhin, A. K. Dorosh, and E. G. Rudnikov, Critical State of Substance under Gravity of the Earth (Politekhnika, Kiev, 2008) [in Russian].
H. Klein and K. Wanders, Naturwissensch. 73, 374 (1986).
K. Nitsche and J. Straub, in Proceedings of the Norderney Symposium on Scientific Results of the German Spacelab Mission D1 (1986), p. 188.
D. A. Beysens and Y. Garrabos, Physica A 281, 361 (2000).
V. S. Zemskov, I. L. Shul’pina, and A. N. Titkov, Phys. Solid State 21, 576 (1979).
V. L. Pokrovskii and A. M. Anisimov, Physical Encyclopedy, Vol. 2: Critical Phenomena (Moscow, 1990), p. 524 [in Russian].
A. D. Alekhin, Sov. Phys. JETP 45, 987 (1977).
A. D. Alekhin and Yu. I. Shimanskii, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Fiz., No. 11, 82 (1976).
A. D. Alekhin, J. Mol. Liquids 120, 43 (2005).
A. D. Alekhin, Ukr. Fiz. Zh. 33, 152 (1988).
I. R. Yukhnovskii, Phase Transitions of the Second Order–Collective Variables Method (Naukova dumka, Kiev, 1985) [in Russian].
Yu. V. Lisichkin, A. G. Novikov, and N. K. Fomichev, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 61, 250 (1987).
Yu. V. Lisichkin, A. G. Novikov, and N. S. Fomichev, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 61, 510 (1987).
G. V. Bondarenko, Yu. E. Gorbatyi, and V. M. Edel’shtein, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 214, 365 (1974).
G. V. Bondarenko and Yu. E. Gorbatyi, in Essays on Physical and Chemical Petrology, Collection of Articles (Nauka, Moscow, 1977), Vol. 6, p. 46 [in Russian].
S. A. Ukholin, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 16, 403 (1937).
L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Course of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 5: Statistical Physics (Nauka, Moscow, 1976; Pergamon, Oxford, 1980).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.D. Alekhin, O.I. Bilous, 2014, published in Sverkhkriticheskie Flyuidy: Teoriya i Praktika, 2014, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 74–82.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alekhin, A.D., Bilous, O.I. A critical fluid in the Earth’s gravity field. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 9, 1018–1025 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990793115070027
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990793115070027