Abstract
The main physiological function of plasmin is blood clot fibrinolysis and restoration of normal blood flow. To date, however, it became apparent that in addition to thrombolysis, the plasminogen/plasmin system plays an important physiological and pathological role in a number of other essential processes: degradation of the extracellular matrix, embryogenesis, cell migration, tissue remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammation, and tumor cell migration. This review focuses on structural features of plasminogen, regulation of its activation by physiological plasminogen activators, inhibitors of plasmin, and plasminogen activators, and the role of plasminogen binding to fibrin, cellular receptors, and extracellular ligands in various functions performed by plasmin thus formed.
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Abbreviations
- PA:
-
plasminogen activators
- 6AHA:
-
6-aminohexanoic acid
- ACE:
-
angiotensin-converting enzyme
- α2-AP:
-
α2-antiplasmin
- ECM:
-
extracellular endothelium matrix
- uPA:
-
urokinase-type plasminogen activator
- PAI-1 and PAI-2:
-
plasminogen activator inhibitors types 1 and 2
- K:
-
kringle domain
- LBS:
-
lysine-binding site
- α2-MG:
-
α2-macroglobulin
- MMPs:
-
matrix metalloproteinases
- scuPA:
-
single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator
- F:
-
finger-like domain
- Pm:
-
plasmin
- Pg:
-
plasminogen
- Glu-Pg and Lys-Pg:
-
Glu- and Lys-forms of plasminogen
- ProMMPs:
-
prometalloproteinases
- RAS:
-
renin-angiotensin system
- uPAR:
-
urokinase and pro-urokinase receptor
- VEGF:
-
vascular endothelium growth factor
- NTP:
-
N-terminal peptide
- tPA:
-
tissue plasminogen activator
- tAMCHA:
-
trans-(4-aminomethyl)cyclohexane carboxylic acid (or tranexamic acid)
- PDGF:
-
platelet-derived growth factor
- FGF:
-
fibroblast growth factor
- EGF:
-
epidermal growth factor-like domain
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Original Russian Text © R.B. Aisina, L.I. Mukhametova, 2014, published in Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, 2014, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 642–657.
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Aisina, R.B., Mukhametova, L.I. Structure and function of plasminogen/plasmin system. Russ J Bioorg Chem 40, 590–605 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162014060028
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162014060028