Abstract
Data on the mineralogical composition of clay (<1 μm), fine silt (1–5 μm), medium silt (5–10 μm), and coarser (>10 μm) fractions of meadow solonchakous solonetzes (Calcic Gypsic Salic Stagnic Solonetz (Albic, Siltic, Columnic, Cutanic, Differentic)) developing from loesslike loam and clay in the North Crimean Lowland are presented. Fractions >5 μm constitute nearly 50% of the soil mass and are characterized by the same mineralogical composition in the entire profile; they consist of quartz, plagioclases, potassium feldspars, and micas (biotite and muscovite). The eluvial-illuvial redistribution of clay in the course of solonetzic process is accompanied by changes in the portion of mixed-layer minerals and hydromicas in the upper part of the profile; a larger part of the smectitic phase is transformed into the superdisperse state. In the eluvial SEL horizon and in the illuvial BSN horizon, the clay fraction is impoverished in smectitic phase and enriched in trioctahedral hydromicas. Upon calculation of the content of clay minerals per bulk soil mass, the distribution of mixed-layer minerals is either eluvial, or eluvial-illuvial, whereas the distribution of hydromicas has an illuvial pattern without distinct eluvial minimum in the SEL horizons. The eluvial-illuvial distribution pattern of clay minerals in solonetzes of the North Crimean Lowland is compared with the distribution pattern of clay minerals in solonetzes of the West Siberian Lowland. Coefficients characterizing differentiation of solonetzes by the contents of particular mineral components are suggested.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
T. V. Alekseeva, A. O. Alekseev, V. D. Demkin, V. A. Alekseeva, Z. Sokolowska, M. Hajnos, and P. I. Kalinin, “Physicochemical and mineralogical diagnostic features of solonetzic process in soils of the Lower Volga region in the late Holocene” Eurasian Soil Sci. 43, 1083–1101 (2010).
E. V. Arinushkina, Manual on the Chemical Analysis of Soils (Moscow State Univ., Moscow, 1961) [in Russian].
N. S. Blagovolin, “Soil relicts and Late Holocene tectonic movements in the North Crimean Lowland” in Genesis and Geography of Soils (Moscow, 1966), pp. 157–165.
M. F. Veklich, “Stratigraphy of loess in Ukraine” Sov. Geol., No. 6, 35–53 (1965).
N. I. Gorbunov, “The method of soil preparation for mineralogical analysis” in Manual for Mineralogical and Micromorphological Analysis of Soils (Nauka, Moscow, 1971), pp. 5–15.
B. P. Gradusov and A. G. Chernyakhovskii, “Global genetic-geographical pattern of the composition of pedogenic minerals” in Global Geography of Soils and Factors of Pedogenesis (Moscow, 1990), pp. 196–301.
V. P. Gusev and V. T. Kolesnichenko, “Specificity of pedogenesis on the North Crimean Lowland” Izv. Krymsk. Otd. Geogr. O-va SSSR, No. 5, 141–161 (1958).
T. G. Dement’eva, “Chemical-mineralogical features of soils of solonchak complex of the desert-steppe Trans-Volga region” Pochvovedenie, No. 4, 98–112 (1975).
N. N. Dzens-Litovskaya, Soils and Vegetation of Steppe Crimea (Nauka, Leningrad, 1970) [in Russian].
N. A. Dragan, Soil Resources of Crimea (Dolya, Simferopol, 2004) [in Russian].
G. G. Eremin, “Solonchaks and solonetzic soils of Krasno-Perekopskii district of Crimea and their improvement” Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. Fiz.-Mat. Estestv. Nauk 8 (12), 99–113 (1952).
Yu. E. Kizyakov, “Physicochemical properties of solonchaks of Northern Sivash, their variability, and transformation under different reclamation measures” Pochvovedenie, No. 12, 20–30 (1977).
Yu. E. Kizyakov, “Solonchaks and saline soils” in Soil Science (Vishcha Osvita, Kyiv, 2005), pp. 525–535.
L. L. Shishov, V. D. Tonkonogov, I. I. Lebedeva, and M. I. Gerasimova, Classification and Diagnostic System of Russian Soils (Oikumena, Smolensk, 2004) [in Russian].
Classification and Diagnostics of Soils of the Soviet Union (Kolos, Moscow, 1977) [in Russian].
P. G. Kovalivnich, “Chemical-mineralogical composition and properties of some solonchaks of Crimea” in Agrochemistry and Soil Science, No. 5: Soil-Meliorative Conditions of Irrigation in Crimea and Donbas (Urozhai, Kiev, 1967), pp. 80–90.
S. A. Kol’tsov, Organic Matter and Agrophysical Status of Rice Soils in Crimean Part of Sivash (Arial, Simferopol, 2010) [in Russian].
E. A. Kornblyum, T. G. Dement’eva, N. G. Zyrin, and A. T. Birina, “Transformation of clay minerals during formation of southern and vertic chernozems, liman solod, and solonetz” Pochvovedenie, No. 1, 67–85 (1972).
A. V. Novikova, Reclamation of Solonetzes in Crimea (Krymizdat, Simferopol, 1953) [in Russian].
A. V. Novikova, “On the reclamation of solonetzes in Crimea” in Problems of reclamation of Solonetzes (Academy of Sciences of Soviet Union, Moscow, 1958), pp. 176–192.
A. V. Novikova, “Specificity of reclamation of meadow solonetzes” in Improvement of the Physical Properties and Nutrition of Soils (Kiev, 1961), Vol. 5, pp. 121–131.
A. V. Novikova, “Geochemical and regime features of salt accumulation in the steppe Crimea: methods of reclamation of solonetzic soils and possible use of land for irrigation” Tr. Khark. S-kh. Inst. V.V. Dokuchaeva 39, (1962).
A. V. Novikova, History of Soil-Meliorative and Ecological Studies of Saline and Solonetzic Lands of Ukraine (1890–1996) (Svit, Kiev, 1999) [in Russian].
A. V. Novikova and V. N. Kalinichenko, “Applicability of deep meliorative plowing for cultivation of solonetzic soils” Agrokhim. Gruntoznavstvo, No. 72, 23–35 (2009).
A. V. Novikova and P. G. Kovalivnich, “Correlation between the degree of salinity and the degree of illuviation of solonetzic soils in the Crimean part of Sivash” Proceedings of the All-Union Scientific-Technical Conference on the Problem of Melioration “Melioration of Solonetzes” (Moscow, 1969), Part 1, pp. 216–227.
A. V. Novikova and P. G. Kovalivnich, “Diagnostics of solonetzes according to the clay profile differentiation” Eurasian Soil Sci. 44, 841–847 (2011).
Field Guide for Identification of Russian Soils (Dokuchaev Soil Science Inst., Moscow, 2008) [in Russian].
I. Ya. Polovitskii and P. G. Gusev, Soils of Crimea and Improvement of Their Fertility (Tavriya, Simferopol, 1987) [in Russian].
E. V. Ripskii and N. I. Molodykh, Crimea, in Loess Minerals of the Soviet Union (Nauka, Moscow, 1966), pp. 64–80.
N. F. Sevast’yanov, “Soils of the North Crimean Lowland and their agricultural use” Tr. Ukr. Nauchno- Issled. Inst. Pochvoved. 4, 201–241 (1959).
T. A. Sokolova, L. N. Teslenko, and V. A. Romanenkov, “Texture and composition of clay minerals in virgin and reclaimed solonchakous solonetzes in the northern Caspian region” Biol. Nauki, No. 12, 87–92 (1989).
M. F. Stashchuk and V. A. Suprychev, “Mineralogy of loess deposits of Sivash region” Mater. Mineral. Ukr., No. 2, (1961).
T. V. Tatyanchenko, T. V. Alekseeva, and P. I. Kalinin, “Mineralogical and chemical compositions of the paleosols of different ages buried under kurgans in the southern Ergeni region and their paleoclimatic interpretation” Eurasian Soil Sci. 46, 341–354 (2013). doi 10.1134/S1064229313040145
L. S. Travnikova, “Mineralogical composition of <1 μm fraction of some solonetzes in the chernozem and chestnut soil zones” Byull. Pochv. Inst. im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, No. 2, 52–60 (1968).
G. E. Tronza, “Salt regime of meadow solonetzes of Crimea used for rice growing” Tr. Krymsk. Gos. Agrotekhnol. Univ.: S-kh Nauki, No. 91, 242–247 (2002).
N. B. Khitrov and I. N. Lyubimova, “Theoretical and practical basics of the control of secondary soil solonetzic process” in Scientific Basis for Prevention of Soil (Land) Degradation of Agricultural Lands of Russia and Development of the Recovery Systems of Fertility in Landscape-Adaptive Agriculture, Vol. 1: Theoretical and Practical Basics for Prevention of Soil (Land) Degradation of Agricultural Lands: Collective Monograph (Dokuchaev Soil Science Inst., Moscow, 2013), Chap. 11, pp. 465–516.
N. P. Chizhikova, “Mineralogical composition of clay fractions of chernozems” in Chernozems of the Soviet Union (Kolos, Moscow, 1974), Vol. 1, pp. 173–186.
N. P. Chizhikova, N. B. Khitrov, E. B. Varlamov, and N. A. Churilin, “Distribution of minerals within a profile of Yergeni solonetz” Byull. Pochv. Inst. im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, Vol. 91 (2017).
N. P. Chizhikova, N. B. Khitrov, E. B. Varlamov, and N. A. Churilin, “Distribution of minerals in a profile of solonetz of Sivash region” Tavrichesk. Vestn. Agrar. Nauki, No. 2, pp. 103–117 (2017).
N. P. Chizhikova, N. B. Khitrov, A. A. Samsonova, E. B. Varlamov, N. A. Churilin, L. V. Rogovneva, and Yu. I. Cheverdin, “Minerals in the three-component combination of agrochernozems in the Kamennaya Steppe” Eurasian Soil Sci. 50, 456–469 (2017). doi 10.1134/S1064229317020028
N. P. Chizhikova and N. B. Khitrov, “Diversity of clay minerals in soils of solonetzic complexes in the southeast of Western Siberia” Eurasian Soil Sci. 49, 1419–1431 (2016). doi 10.1134/S106422931612005X
P. E. Biscaye, “Distinction between kaolinite and chlorite in recent sediments by X-ray diffraction” Am. Mineral. 49 (9–10), 1281–1289 (1964).
P. E. Biscaye, “Mineralogy and sedimentation of recent deep-sea clay in the Atlantic Ocean” Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 76 (7), 803–832 (1965).
H. E. Cook, P. D. Johnson, J. C. Matti, and I. Zemmels, Methods of Sample Preparation and X-Ray Diffraction Data Analysis (X-ray Mineralogy Laboratory, University of California, Riverside, 1975), pp. 999–1007.
IUSS Working Group WRB, World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, Update 2015. International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps, World Soil Resources Reports No. 106 (Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, 2015).
G. Szöőr, É. Balázs, T. Novák, P. Kovács-Pálffy, and P. Kónya, “Mineralogical composition of genetic horizons of crusty meadow solonetz soil profile from Püspökladány based on X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis” Acta Geomorphol., Phys. Geogr. Debrecina 3, 9–14 (2008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © N.P. Chizhikova, N.B. Khitrov, G.E. Tronza, S.A. Kol’tsov, E.B. Varlamov, E.S. Chechetko, N.A. Churilin, 2017, published in Pochvovedenie, 2017, No. 12, pp. 1499–1513.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chizhikova, N.P., Khitrov, N.B., Tronza, G.E. et al. Mineralogical Composition of Particle-Size Fractions of Solonetzes from the North Crimean Lowland. Eurasian Soil Sc. 50, 1468–1482 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229317120055
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229317120055