Abstract
The composition and functional structure of the intestinal microflora of three wireworm species (Agriotes obscurus (L.), Selatosomus aeneus (L.), and Ampedus pomorum (Herbst)) with different dietary regimes were studied. The total abundance of the microorganisms was evaluated by fluorescent microscopy, the group composition was assessed by inoculation on a solid glucose-peptone-yeast medium, and the functional diversity was estimated by multisubstrate testing. It was noted that, in the intestine of the larvae, the total number of microorganisms was lower by 1–2 orders of magnitude than in the soil and decaying wood. It was found that the composition of the intestinal microbial communities of wireworms was radically different from that of the substrate: the Bray-Curtis coefficient did not exceed 0.25. It was found that native forms accounted for more than half of the total number of saprotrophic bacteria: in the larvae, Gram-positive cocci, enterobacteria, Vibrionaceae, Acinetobacter, and some genera of coryneform bacteria, which were absent in the soil and wood, prevailed. The micromycetes were either absent (Agriotes) or were found in insignificant quantities (Selatosomus, Ampedus). In Selatosomus, apart from the intestinal forms, representatives of Mezorhizobium, Nocardioides, and Erwinia, occurring on plant substrates, were observed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Amann, R.I., Ludwig, W., and Schleifer, K.H., Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation, Microbiol. Rev., 1995, vol. 59, pp. 143–169.
Anderson, I.M. and Bignell, D.E., Bacteria in the food, gut content and feces of the litter feeding millipede Glomeris marginata, Soil Biol. Biochem., 1980, vol. 12, pp. 251–254.
Behar, A., Yuval, B., and Jurkevitch, E., Community structure of the Mediterranean fruit fly microbiota: seasonal and spatial sources of variation, Israel J. Ecol. Evol., 2008, vol. 54, pp. 181–191.
Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed., Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T., and Williams, S.T., Eds., Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1993, vols. 1–2.
Bignell, D.E., The arthropod gut as an environment for microorganisms, in Invertebrate–Microbial Interactions. Cambridge: Cambr. Univ. Press, 1984, pp. 206–227.
Breznak, A.J., Intestinal microbiota of termites and other xylophagous insects, Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 1982, vol. 36, pp. 323–343.
Broderick, N.A., Raffa, K.F., Goodman, R.M., and Handelsman, J., Census of the bacterial community of the gypsy moth larval midgut by using culturing and culture-independent methods, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2004, vol. 70, pp. 293–300.
Byzov, B.A., Kurakov, A.V., Tretyakova, E.B., Vu Nguen Thanh, Nguen Duc To Luu, and Rabinovich, Ya.M., Principles of the digestion of microorganisms in the gut of soil millipedes: specificity and possible mechanisms, Appl. Soil. Ecol., 1998, no. 9, pp. 145–151.
Byzov, B.A., Zoomikrobnye vzaimodeistviya v pochve (Zoomicrobial Interactions in Soil), Moscow: Geos, 2005.
Daims, H., Bruhl, A., Amann, R., Schleifer, K.H., and Wagner, M., The domain-specific probe EUB338 is insufficient for the detection of all bacteria: development and evaluation of a more comprehensive probe set, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 1999, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 434–444.
Danismazoglu, M., Demir, I., Sevim, A., Demirbag, Z., and Nalcacioglu, R., An investigation of the bacterial flora of Agriotes lineatus (Coleoptera, Elateridae) and pathogenicity of the flora members, Crop Protect., 2012, vol. 40, pp. 1–7.
Dillon, R.J. and Dillon, V.M., Insects: nonpathogenic interactions, Ann. Rev. Entomol., 2004, vol. 49, pp. 71–92.
Dobrovol’skaya, T.G., Struktura bakterial’nykh soobshchestv pochv (The Structure of Soil Bacterial Communities), Moscow: Akademkniga, 2002.
Dolin V.G. Lichinki zhukov-shchelkunov (provolochniki) evropeiskoi chasti SSSR (The Larvae of Click Beetles (Wireworms) of the European Part of the USSR), Kiev: Urozhai, 1964.
Douglas, A.E., Nutritional ecology. The microbial dimension in insect nutritional ecology, Funct. Ecol., 2009, vol. 23, pp. 38–47.
Gilyarov, M.S., Osobennosti pochvy kak sredy obitaniya i ee rol’ v evolyutsii nasekomykh (Peculiarities of Soil as a Habitat and Its Role in the Evolution of Insects), Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, 1949.
Gonzales, A.A., Estudio de la diversidad de hongod y bacterias asociados al intestino de larvas de coleópteros y determination de sus propiedades lignoceluliticas, in Informe de trabajo final de graduación Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago: Escuela de Biología, 2009.
Gorlenko, M.V. and Kozhevin, P.A., Mul’tisubstratnoe testirovanie prirodnykh mikrobnykh soobshchestv (Multisubstrate Testing of Natural Microbial Communities), Moscow: MAKS-Press, 2005.
Hongoh, Y., Deevong, P., and Hattori, S., Phylogenetic diversity, localization, and cell morphologies of members of the candidate phylum TG3 and a subphylum in the phylum Fibrobacteres, recently discovered bacterial groups dominant in termite guts, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2006, vol. 72, pp. 6780–6788.
Kane, M.D. and Breznak, J.A., Effect of host diet on production of organic-acids and methane by cockroach gut bacteria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1991, vol. 57, pp. 2628–2634.
Kozlovskaya, L.S., Rol’ bespozvonochnykh v transformatsii organicheskogo veshchestva bolotnykh pochv (The Role of Invertebrates in the Transformation of Organic Matter of Marsh Soils), Leningrad: Nauka, 1976.
Lacey, L.A., Unruh, T.R., Simkins, H., and Thomsen-Archer, K., Gut bacteria associated with the pacific coast wireworm, Limonius canus, inferred from 16S rDNA sequences and their implications for control, Phytoparasitology, 2007, vol. 35, pp. 479–489.
Lysak, L.V., Dobrovol’skaya, T.G., and Skvortsova, I.N., Metody otsenki bakterial’nogo raznoobraziya pochv i identifikatsii pochvennykh bakterii (Methods for Assessing Soil Microbial Diversity and Identification of Soil Bacteria), Moscow: MAKS-Press, 2003.
Manz, W., Amann, R., Ludwig, W., Wagner, M., and Schleifer, K.H., Phylogenetic oligodeoxynucleotide probes for the major subclasses of proteobacteria: problems and solutions, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 1992, vol. 15, pp. 593–600.
Metody pochvennoi mikrobiologii i biokhimii (Methods of Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry), Zvyagintsev, D.G., Ed., Moscow: Izd. MGU, 1991.
Mohr, K.I. and Tebbe, C.C., Diversity and phylotype consistency of bacteria in the guts of three bee species (Apoidea) at an oilseed rape field, Environ. Microbiol., 2006, vol. 8, pp. 258–272.
Polyanskaya, L.M., Orazova, M.Kh., Burkanova, O.A., and Zvyagintsev, D.G., Microsampling of rhizosphere soil and laboratory artifacts, Microbiology (Moscow), 2000, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 486–489.
Reyes, V.G. and Tiedje, J.M., Ecology of the gut microflora of Tracheoniscus rathei (Crustacea, Isopoda), Pedobiologia, 1976, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 62–74.
Roller, C., Wagner, M., Amann, R., Ludwig, W., and Schleifer, K.H., In situ probing of Gram-positive bacteria with high DNA G + C content using 23S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides, Microbiology, 1994, vol. 140, pp. 2849–2858.
Samoilova, E.S., Kostina, N.V., and Striganova, B.R., Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the intestine of click beetle larvae (Coleoptera, Elateridae), Dokl. Biol. Sci., 2015a, vol. 461, no. 2, pp. 92–95.
Samoilova, E.S., Kostina, N.V., and Striganova, B.R., Effects of the vital activity of soil insect larvae on microbial processes in the soil, Biol. Bull. (Moscow), 2015b, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 563–569.
Santo Domingo, J.W., Kaufman, M.G., Klug, M.J., Holben, W.E., Harris, D., and Tiedje, J.M., Influence of diet on the structure and function of the bacterial hindgut community of crickets, Mol. Ecol., 1998, vol. 7, pp. 761–767.
Schmitt-Wagner, D., Friedrich, M.W., Wagner, B., and Brune, A., Axial dynamics, stability, and interspecies similarity of bacterial community structure in the highly compartmentalized gut of soil-feeding termites (Cubitermes spp.), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2003, vol. 69, pp. 6018–6024.
Schönholzer, F., Hanh, D., and Zeyer, J., Origins and fate of fungi and bacteria in the gut of Lumbricus terrestris L., studied by image analysis, FEMS Microbiol Ecol., 1999, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 235–248.
Sekar, R., Pernthaler, A., Pernthaler, J., Warnecke, F., Posch, T., and Amann, R., An improved protocol for quantification of freshwater actinobacteria by fluorescence in situ hybridization, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2003, vol. 69, pp. 2928–2935.
Shivokene, Ya.S. and Malukas, E.Z., Symbiotic microflora of the digestive tract of insects and its role in pathogenesis. 3. Physiological-biochemical and antibacterial activity of gut microorganisms and individual organs of Colorado potato beetle larvae, Tr. AN LitSSR, Vilnus, 1988, no. 2/102, pp. 101–107.
Stahl, D.A. and Amann, R., Development and application of nucleic acid probes, in Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, Stackebrandt, E. and Goodfellow, M., Eds., New York: Wiley, 1991, pp. 205–248.
Striganova, B.R., Mutualistic interactions between soil macrofauna and microorganisms, in Structure and Functions of Soil Communties, Kyoto: Kyoto Univ. Press, 1995, pp. 131–138.
Szabó, I.M., Marialigetti, K., Chu, T., Jáger, K., Szabó, I., Contreras, E., Ravass, K., Heydrich, M., and Palik, E., On the ecology of nocardioform intestinal actinomycetes of millipedes (Diplopoda), in Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Actinom. Biol., 1985, pp. 701–705.
Szabó, I.M., Nasser, El G.A., Striganova, B.R., Rakhmo, Y.R., Jäger, K., and Heydrich, M., Interactions among Millipedes (Diplopoda) and their intestinal bacteria, Berichte Naturwiss.-med. Vereins Innsbruck, 1992, suppl. 10, pp. 289–296.
Tret’yakova, E.B., Dobrovol’skaya, T.G., Byzov, B.A., and Zvyagintsev, D.G., Bacterial communities associated with soil invertebrates, Microbiology (Moscow), 1996, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 91–97.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.S. Samoilova, N.V. Kostina, B.R. Striganova, 2016, published in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Biologicheskaya, 2016, No. 5, pp. 532–543.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Samoilova, E.S., Kostina, N.V. & Striganova, B.R. Microbial population of the digestive tract of click beetle larvae (Elateridae, Coleoptera). Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 43, 457–467 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016050083
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016050083