Abstract
The aim of this study is to propose an approach for the analysis of black ballpoint pen writing inks based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with principal component analysis (PCA). A total of twelve varieties of black ballpoint pens available in the Malaysian market were examined by an UPLC that coupled with a photodiode array detection (PDA). Chromatograms of ink samples were extracted at 279, 370 and 400 nm. Chromatographic data obtained were subjected to PCA after normalization. Seven principal components were produced from a total of 15 raw peaks. The new set of variables was then used for running one-way ANOVA to differentiate 66 pen-pair formed from twelve varieties of black ballpoint pen. The approach proposed here has successfully differentiated all pen-pair thus achieving 100% discrimination power.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Causion, V., Casamassima, R., Marega, C., Maida, P., Schiavone, S., Marigo, A., and Villari, A., J. Forensic Sci., 2008, vol. 49, p. 1468.
Weyermann, C., Doctoral (Biol.-Chem.) Dissertation, Giessen: Justus Liebig Univ., 2005.
Denman, J.A., Skinner, W.M., Kirkbride, K.P., and Kempson, I.M., Appl. Surf. Sci., 2010, vol. 256, p. 2155.
Zieba-Palus, J. and Kunicki, M., Forensic Sci.Int., 2006, vol. 158, p. 164.
Lee, L.C., Othman, M.R., Pua, H., Ishak, A.A., and Ishar, S.M., Probl. Forensic Sci., 2012, vol. 92, p. 253.
Lee, L.C., Othman, M.R., and Pua, H., Malaysian J. Anal. Sci., 2012, vol. 16, p. 262.
Lee, L.C., Othman, M.R., Pua, H., and Ishak, A.A., Malaysian J. Forensic Sci., 2012, vol. 3, p. 5.
Kher, A., Mulholland, M., Green, E., and Reedy, B., Vib. Spectrosc., 2006, vol. 40, p. 270.
Weyermann, C., Marquis, R., Mazzella, W., and Spengler, B., J. Forensic Sci., 2007, vol. 52, p. 216.
Zlotnick, J.A. and Smith, F.P., J. Chromatogr. B: Biomed. Sci. Appl., 1999, vol. 733, p. 265.
Banas, K., Banas, A., Moser, H.O., Bahou, M., Li, W., Yang, P., Cholewa, M., and Lim, S.K., Anal. Chem., 2010, vol. 82, p. 3038.
Barrett, J.A., Siegel, J.A., and Goodpaster, J.V., J. Forensic Sci., 2011, vol. 56, p. 95.
Thanasoulias, N.C., Piliouris, E.T., Kotti, M.-S.E., and Evmiridis, N.P., Forensic Sci. Int., 2002, vol. 130, p. 73.
Van Es, A., de Koeijer, J., and Van der Peijl, G., Sci. Justice, 2009, vol. 49, p. 120.
Thanasoulias, N.C., Parisis, N.A., and Evmiridis, N.P., Forensic Sci. Int., 2003, vol. 138, p. 75.
Gaikwad, P.V., Sawat, S.D., Ghante, M.R., and Munot, N.M., Pharm. Globale, 2010, vol. 2, p. 1.
Abdi, H. and William, L.J., WIREs Comput. Stat., 2010, vol. 2, p. 433.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, L.C., Yunus, I.S.M., Fuad, W.N.S.W.M. et al. Statistical discrimination of black ballpoint pen inks using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with principal component analysis. J Anal Chem 70, 374–377 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934815030119
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934815030119