Abstract
The majority of plant species lose their ability to tolerate severe water deficit after germination at the beginning of seedling growth, in the time of emergence of the radical from the seed. The experiment was designed to compare the differences in proteolytic response between 4-and 6-days old spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings of Eta cultivar, respectively tolerant and sensitive to severe drought inducing up to 90% water saturation deficit (WSD). In coleoptiles the changes of proteolytic activity had the same trend regardless on the seedlings age and increased about fourfold upon 85% WSD as compared to the control, from about 4 to 19 (U/mg protein h). The dehydration of roots of 4 day old seedlings resulted in sharp, fivefold activity increase at 85% WSD (from 11 to >50 U/mg protein h). In roots of 6 days old seedlings dehydrated to 55% WSD the proteolytic activity raised twofold and was about 2.5 times higher than in roots of 4 days old seedlings dehydrated to the same WSD. In coleoptiles of both the 4- and 6-days old seedlings subjected to drought appearance of new bands of serine proteinases was observed. Presented results indicate that roots are more sensitive to drought than coleoptiles, which brings an argument for breeders showing that programs involving roots phenotyping have a full biochemical rationale.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- E-64:
-
trans-epoxysuccinyl-l-leucylamido-(4-guanidino) butane
- HSP:
-
heat stress protein
- LEA:
-
late-embryogenesis abundant protein
- PMSF:
-
phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- WSD:
-
water saturation deficit
References
Rybka, K. and Nita, Z., Physiological requirements for wheat ideotypes in response to drought threat, Acta Physiol. Plant., 2015, vol. 37, p. 97. doi 10.1007/s11738-015-1844-5
Rawlings, N.D., Barrett, A.J., and Bateman, A., MEROPS, the database of proteolytic enzymes, their substrates and inhibitors, Nucleic Acids Res., 2012, vol. 40: D343–350
Zulet, A., Gil-Monreal, M., Villamor, J.G., Zabalza, A., van der Hoorn, R.A.L., and Royuela, M., Proteolytic pathways induced by herbicides that inhibit amino acid biosynthesis, PLoS One, 2013, vol. 8: e73847
Kidrič, M., Kos, J., and Sabotič, J., Proteases and their endogenous inhibitors in the plant response to abiotic stress, Bot. Serbica, 2014, vol. 38, pp. 139–158.
Hieng, B., Ugrinovič, K., Šuštar-Vozlič, J., and Kidrič, M., Different classes of proteases are involved in the response to drought of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars differing in sensitivity, J. Plant Physiol., 2004, vol. 161, pp. 519–530.
Srivastava, A., Nair, J., Bendigeri, D., Vijaykumar, A., Ramaswamy, N., and D’Souza, S., Purification and characterization of a salinity-induced alkaline protease from isolated spinach chloroplasts, Acta Physiol. Plant., 2009, vol. 31, pp. 187–197.
Demirevska, K., Zasheva, D., Dimitrov, R., Simova-Stoilova, L., Stamenova, M., and Feller, U., Drought stress effects on Rubisco in wheat, changes in the Rubisco large subunit, Acta Physiol. Plant., 2009, vol. 31, pp. 1129–1138.
Grudkowska, M. and Zagdanska, B., Multifunctional role of plant cysteine proteinases, Acta Biochim. Pol., 2004, vol. 51, pp. 609–624.
Chi, W., Sun, X., and Zhang, L., The roles of chloroplast proteases in the biogenesis and maintenance of photosystem II, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Bioenerg., 2012, vol. 1817, pp. 239–246.
Rossano, R., Larocca, M., and Riccio, P., 2-D zymographic analysis of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea, L. var. Italica) florets proteases, follow up of cysteine protease isotypes in the course of post-harvest senescence, J. Plant Physiol., 2011, vol. 168, no. 13, pp. 1517–1525.
Maciel, F., Salles, C.C., Retamal, C., Gomes, V., and Machado, O.T., Identification and partial characterization of two cysteine proteases from castor bean leaves Ricinus communis L. activated by wounding and methyl jasmonate stress, Acta Physiol. Plant., 2011, vol. 33, pp. 1867–1875.
Zagdańska, B. and Wiśniewski, K., ATP-dependent proteolysis contributes to the acclimation-induced drought resistance in spring wheat, Acta Physiol. Plant., 1998, vol. 20, pp. 55–58.
Misas-Villamil, J.C., Toenges, G., Kolodziejek, I., Sadaghiani, A.M., Kaschani, F., Colby, T., Bogyo, M., and van der Hoorn, R.A.L., Activity profiling of vacuolar processing enzymes reveals a role for VPE during oomycete infection, Plant J., 2013, vol. 73, pp. 689–700.
Grudkowska, M., Lisik, P., and Rybka, K., Twodimensional zymography in detection of proteolytic enzymes in wheat leaves, Acta Physiol. Plant., 2013, vol. 35, pp. 3477–3482.
Mariano, G. and Funk, C., Matrix metalloproteinases in plants, a brief overview, Physiol. Plant., 2012, vol. 145, pp. 196–202.
Lucinski, R. and Jackowski, G., AtFtsH heterocomplex-mediated degradation of apoproteins of the major light harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) in response to stresses, J. Plant Physiol., 2013, vol. 170, pp. 1082–1089.
Farrant, J.M., Bailly, C., Leymarie, J., Hamman, B., Côme, D., and Corbineau, F., Wheat seedlings as a model to understand desiccation tolerance and sensitivity, Physiol. Plant., 2004, vol. 120, pp. 563–574.
Miazek, A. and Zagdańska, B., Involvement of exopeptidases in dehydration tolerance of spring wheat seedlings, Biol. Plant., 2008, vol. 52, pp. 687–694.
Turner, N.C., Techniques and experimental approaches for the measurement of the plant water status, Plant Soil, 1981, vol. 58, pp. 339–366.
Bradford, M.M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding, Anal. Biochem., 1976, vol. 72, pp. 248–254.
Laemmli, U., Cleavage of structural protein during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature, 1970, vol. 227, pp. 680–685.
Bogdan, J. and Zagdańska, B., Drought resistance of spring wheat during germination and seedling growth, Biul. IHAR, 2004, vol. 233, pp. 83–90.
Chojnacka, M., Szewińska, J., Mielecki, M., Nykiel, M., Imai, R., Bielawski, W., and Orzechowski, S., A triticale water-deficit-inducible phytocystatin inhibits endogenous cysteine proteinases in vitro, J. Plant Physiol., 2015, vol. 174, pp. 161–165.
Smakowska, E., Czarna, M., and Janska, H., Mitochondrial ATP-dependent proteases in protection against accumulation of carbonylated proteins, Mitochondrion, 2014, vol. 19, pp. 245–251.
Barnaby, N.G., He, F., Liu, X., Wilson, K.A., and Tan-Wilson, A., Light-responsive subtilisin-related protease in soybean seedling leaves, Plant Physiol. Biochem., 2004, vol. 42, pp. 125–134.
Coffeen, W. and Wolpert, T., Purification and characterization of serine proteases that exhibit caspase-like activity and are associated with programmed cell death in Avena sativa, Plant Cell, 2004, vol. 16, pp. 857–873.
Minh-Thu, P.T., Hwang, D.J., Jeon, J.S., Nahm, B.H., and Kim, Y.K., Transcriptome analysis of leaf and root of rice seedling to acute dehydration, Rice, 2013, vol. 6: 38.
Yano, A., Suzuki, K., and Shinshi, H., A signaling pathway, independent of the oxidative burst, that leads to hypersensitive cell death in cultured tobacco cells includes a serine protease, Plant J., 1999, vol. 18, pp. 105–109.
Rigas, S., Daras, G., Laxa, M., Marathias, N., Fasseas, C., Sweetlove, L.J., and Hatzopoulos, P., Role of Lon1 protease in post-germinative growth and maintenance of mitochondrial function in Arabidopsis thaliana, New Phytol., 2009, vol. 181, pp. 588–600.
Guo, R., Zhao, J., Wang, X., Guo, C., Li, Z., and Wang, Y., Constitutive expression of a grape aspartic protease gene in transgenic Arabidopsis confers osmotic stress tolerance, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 2015, vol. 121, pp. 275–287.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Miazek, A., Nykiel, M. & Rybka, K. Drought tolerance depends on the age of the spring wheat seedlings and differentiates patterns of proteinases. Russ J Plant Physiol 64, 333–340 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443717030098
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443717030098