Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the influence of intercritical quenching (IQ), step quenching (SQ) and quenching plus tempering (QT) heat treatments on the microstructure and tensile properties of 1.7Ni–1.5Cu–0.5Mo–0.2C pre-alloyed powder metallurgy (P/M) steels. In the microstructures of the IQ and SQ specimens partial martensite having Ni-rich phases formed up in the soft ferritic matrix. It was observed that unlike Mo, a Cu alloying element dissolved homogeneously in the specimens. The martensite volume fraction (MVF) in the SQ specimens was higher than that in the IQ specimens. It was found that macrohardness, yield and tensile strengths increased, whereas microhardness of ferrite and elongation decreased with increasing MVF. However, with this increase, microhardness values of martensite phases decreased in the IQ specimen, while they increased in SQ specimens. It was observed that the yield, tensile, and elongation values of the QT specimens were lower than those of all intercritically annealed specimens having the same hardness values.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
K. S. Narasimhan, “Sintering of powder mixtures and the growth of ferrous powder metallurgy,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 67, 56–65 (2001).
M. W. Wu, L. C. Tsao, G. J. Shu, and B. H. Lin, “The effects of alloying elements and microstructure on the impact toughness of powder metal steels,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 538, 135–144 (2012).
M. W. Wu, G. J. Shu, and S. Y. Chang, “A novel Nicontaining powder metallurgy steel with ultrahigh impact, fatigue, and tensile properties,” Metallurg. Mater. Trans. A 45, 3866–3875 (2014).
B. A. Gething, D. F. Heaney, D. A. Kossa, and T. J. Mueller, “The effect of nickel on the mechanical behaviour of molybdenum P/M steels,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 390, 19–26 (2005).
T. P. Moskvina and O. D. Sidorova, “Heat treatment of powder metallurgy constructional steel (review),” Metal Sci. Heat Treat. 29, 270–282 (1987).
F. Kafkas, Ç. Karatas, A. Sözen, E. Arcaklioglu, and S. Saritas, “Determination of residual stresses based on heat treatment conditions and densities on a hybrid (FLN2-4405) powder metallurgy steel using artificial neural network,” Mater. Design 28, 2431–2442 (2007).
H. D’Armas, L. Llanes, J. Peñafiel, J. Bas, and M. Anglada, “Tempering effects on the tensile response and fatigue life behavior of a sinter-hardened steel,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 277, 291–296 (2000).
N. Sariçiçek, “Investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of austempered powder metal steel,” M. Sc. Thesis, Gazi Univ., Inst. Sci. Technol. 2012, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
M. Campos, J. Sicre-Artalejo, J. J. Muñoz, and J. M. Torralba, “Effect of austempering conditions on the microstructure and tensile properties of low alloyed sintered steel,” Metallur. Mater. Trans. A 41, 1847–1854 (2010).
K. Mahesh, S. Sankaran, and P. Venugopal, “Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy dual phase steel preforms,” J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 28, 1085–1094 (2012).
A. Güral, S. Tekeli, and T. Ando, “Tensile properties of iron-based P/M steels with ferrite plus martensite microstructure,” J. Mater. Sci. 41, 7894–79016 (2006).
A. Güral, and M. Türkan, “Comparison of heat treatments on the toughness of 1.7Ni–1.5Cu–0.5Mo prealloyed P/M steels,” High Temp. Mater. Process 34, 271–274 (2015).
S. Tekeli, and A. Gural, “Microstructural characterization and impact toughness of intercritically annealed PM steels,” Mater. Sci. Eng.ineering A 406, 172–179 (2005).
A. Güral, “Influence of martensite particle size on dry sliding wear behaviour of low carbon dual phase powder metallurgy steels,” Kovove Materialy–Metallic Materilas, 48, 25–31 (2010).
L. F. Ramos, D. K. Matlock, and G. Krauss, “Deformation behavior of dual-phase steel,” Metallurg. Trans. A–Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. 10, 259–261 (1979).
G. R. Speich, V. A. Demarest, and R. L. Miller, “Formation of austenite during intercritical annealing of dual-phase steels,” Metallurg. Trans. A–Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. 12, 1419–1428 (1981).
J. Deng, J. Ma, Y. Xu, and Y. Shen, “Effect of martensite distribution on microscopic deformation behavior and mechanical properties of dual phase steels,” Acta Metall. Sinica 51, 1092–1100 (2015).
J. Han, S.-J. Lee, C.-Y. Lee, S. Lee, S. Y. Jo, and Y.-K. Lee, “The size effect of initial martensite constituents on the microstructure and tensile properties of intercritically annealed Fe–9Mn–0.05C steel,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A 633, 9–16 (2015).
J. Zhang, H. Di, Y. Deng, and R. D. K. Misra, “Effect of martensite morphology and volume fraction on strain hardening and fracture behavior of martensiteferrite dual phase steel,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 627, 230–240 (2015).
T. Matsuno, D. Maeda, H. Shutoh, A. Uenishi, and M. Suehiro, “Effect of martensite volume fraction on void formation leading to ductile fracture in dual phase steels”, ISIJ Int. 54, 938–944 (2014).
S. Gündüz, “Effect of chemical composition, martensite volume fraction and tempering on tensile behaviour of dual phase steels,” Mater. Design 63, 2381–2383 (2009).
ASTM Standard E-8M. Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials Annual Book of ASTM Standards, PA: USA, 1994.
N. Chawla, T. F. Murphy, K. S. Narasimhan, M. Koopman, and K. K. Chawla, “Axial fatigue behavior of binder-treated versus diffusion alloyed powder metallurgy steels,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 308, 180–188 (2001).
K. W. Andrew, “Empirical formulae for the calculation of some transformation temperatures,” J. Iron and Steel Institute 203, 721–727 (1965).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Published in Russian in Fizika Metallov i Metallovedenie, 2018, Vol. 119, No. 1, pp. 63–72.
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Güral, A., Başak, H. & Türkan, M. Comparing Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Intercritically Annealed and Quenched-Tempered 1.7Ni–1.5Cu–0.5Mo–0.2C Powder Metallurgy Steels. Phys. Metals Metallogr. 119, 60–68 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X18010027
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X18010027