Abstract
This study sought to empirically examine the link between OCB and EBP implementation, and tested senior management’s support as a moderator of this relationship. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were based on the survey of participants’ perceptions of the study variables. The participants were professionals involved in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction at five hospitals in Madrid Community of Spain. Hypothetico-deductive method was applied, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for data analysis. The relationship between OCB and EBP implementation was supported. A significant moderating effect was also found, which indicates that with an increase in senior management’s support OCBs become more important for explaining their effect on EBP implementation. The findings of this research are promising to organizations and agencies that take into account the importance of implementing EBP. This research provides conditions valuable to successful use of EBP. Especially, where senior management interacts positively with other variables such as OCB, the likelihood of EBP implementation and its effectiveness may increase. An improvement in these factors and their interaction is liable to guide an improved continuity in healthcare resulting from positive organizational ethos.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Aarons GA, Fettes DL, Flores LE and Sommerfeld DH (2009) Evidence-based practice implementation and staff emotional exhaustion in children’s services. Behaviour research and therapy 47(11), 954–960.
Abraham R (2000) Organizational cynicism: bases and consequences. Genetic Social and General Psychological Monographs, 126, 269–292.
Akgun AE, Byrne JC, Lynn GS and Keskin H (2007) Team stressors, management support, and project and process outcomes in new product development projects. Technovation 27(10), 628–639.
Allen MW (2009) Communication and organizational commitment: Perceived organizational support as a mediating factor, Communication Quarterly 40(4), 357–367.
Andersson U, Cuervo-Cazurra A and Nielsen BB (2014) From the Editors: Explaining interaction effects within and across levels of analysis, Editorial, Journal of International Business Studies 45, 1063–1071.
Bandura A (1986) Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Baron RM and Kenny DA (1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51(1), 1173–1182.
Barrera M and Ainlay L (1983) The structure of social support: A conceptual and empirical analysis. Journal of Community Psychology 11, 133–143.
Beath, CM (1991) Supporting the information technology champion. MIS Quarterly 15(3), 355–372.
Bell SJ and Menguc B (2002) The employee-organization relationship, organizational citizenship behaviors, and superior service quality. Journal of Retailing 78(2), 131–146.
Bhattacharyya O, Reeves S and Zwarenstein M (2009) What Is Implementation Research?: Rationale, Concepts, and Practices, Research on Social Work Practice, 19(5), 491–502.
Birken SA, Lee SY, Weiner BJ, Chin MH, Chiu M and Schaefer CT(2015) From strategy to action: how top managers’ support increases middle managers’ commitment to innovation implementation in health care organizations. Health Care Management Review 40(2), 159–168.
Bogaty P, Brophy JM (2006) Acute ischemic heart disease and interventional cardiology: a time for pause. BMC Medicine 4, 25.
Bradley EH, Holmboe ES, Mattera JA, Roumanis SA, Radford MJ and Krumholz HM (2001) A qualitative study of increasing β-blocker use after myocardial infarction: why do some hospitals succeed? Jama 285(20), 2604–2611.
Bradley EH, Curry LA, Webster TR et al (2006a) Achieving rapid door-to balloon times: how top hospitals improve complex clinical systems. Circulation American Heart Association, 113, 1079–1085.
Bradley EH, Herrin J, Wang Y et al (2006b) Strategies for reducing the door-to- balloon time in acute myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 355, 2308–2320.
Bradley EH, Holmboe ES, Materra JA et al (2003) The Roles of Senior Management in Quality Improvement Efforts: What are the key components? Journal of Healthcare Management, 48(1), 15–29.
Bradley EH, Curry LA, Spatz ES, Herrin J, Cherlin EJ, Curtis JP, Thompson JW, Ting HH, Wang Y and Krumholz HM (2012) Hospital strategies for reducing risk-standardized mortality rates in acute myocardial infarction. Annals of Internal Medicine 156(9), 618–626.
Brown C, Wickline MA, Ecoff L and Glaser D (2009) Nursing practice, knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers to evidence-based practice at an academic medical center. Journal of Advanced Nursing 65(2), 371–381.
Cascio R, Mariadoss B and Mouri N (2010) The impact of management commitment alignment on salespersons’ adoption of salesforce automation technologies: An empirical investigation. Industrial Marketing Management 39(7), 1088–1096.
Chen CH, Wang SJ, Chang WC and Hu CS (2008) The effect of leader-member exchange, trust, and supervisor support on organizational citizenship behavior in nurses Journal of Nursing Research 16, 321–8.
Chin WW (1998) The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research 295(2), 295–336.
Chin WW, Marcolin BL and Newsted PN (2003) A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: results from a monte carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study Information Systems Research 14(2), 189–217.
Cohen J (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cooper MD (2006a) The impact of management’s commitment on employee behavior: A field study ASSE- MEC 7th Professional Development Conference and Exhibition, Kingdom of Bahrain, March 18–22.
Cooper MD (2006b) Exploratory analysis of the effects of managerial support and feedback consequences on behavioral safety maintenance. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 26(3), 1–41.
Coyle-Shapiro Jam and Conway N (2005) Exchange relationships: Examining psychological contracts and perceived organizational support Journal of Applied Psychology 90, 774–781.
Cronbach LJ (1951) Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16, 297–334.
Cull WL, O’Connor KG, Sharp S and Tang SS (2005) Response rates and response bias for 50 surveys of pediatricians. Health Services Research 40, 213–226.
Dabari IJ, Saidin SZ (2014) A theoretical framework on the level of risk management implementation in the Nigerian banking sector: The moderating effect of top management support. International Conference on Accounting Studies, ICAS 2014, 18-19 August 2014, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 164, pp. 627–634.
Dale JR, Williams SM and Bowyer V (2012) What is the effect of peer support on diabetes outcomes in adults? A systematic review Diabetic Medicine 29(11), 1361–1377.
Damschroder L, Aron D, Keith R, Kirsh S, Alexander J and Lowery J (2009) Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: A consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implementation Science 4, 50.
Damschroder LJ and Hagedorn HJ (2011) A Guiding Framework and Approach for Implementation Research in Substance Use Disorders Treatment Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 25(2), 194–205.
Davis GF, Mcadam D, Scott WR and Zald MN (2005) Social Movements and Organization Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Degeling P and Carr A (2004) Leadership for the systemization of health care: the unaddressed issue in health care reform Journal of Health Organization and Management 18, 399–414.
Doorey A, Patel S, Reesec O’Connor R, Geloo N, Sutherland S, Price N, Gleasner E and Rodrigue R (1998) Dangers of delay of initiation of either thrombolysis or primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction with increasing use of primary angioplasty. American Journal of Cardiology 81, 1173–1177.
Dunlop PD and Lee K (2004) Workplace deviance, organizational citizenship behavior, and business unit performance: the bad apples do spoil the whole barrel. Journal of Organizational Behavior 25(1), 67–80.
Durlak JA and Dupre EP (2008) Implementation Matters: A Review of Research on the Influence of Implementation on Program Outcomes and the Factors Affecting Implementation, American Journal Community Psychology 41, 327–350.
Ehrhart MG, Aarons GA and Farahnak LR (2015) Going above and beyond for implementation: The development and validity testing of the Implementation Citizenship Behavior Scale (ICBS) Implementation Science 10, 65.
Ehrhart MG, Bliese PD and Thomas JL (2006) Unit level organizational citizenship behavior and unit effectiveness: examining the incremental effects of helping behavior, Human Performance 19(2), 159–173
Eisenberger R, Huntington R, Hutchison S and Sowa D (1986) Perceived organizational support Journal of Applied Psychology 71, 500–507.
Ekaterini G (2010) The Impact of Leadership Styles on Four Variables of Executives International Journal of Business and Management 5(6), 3–16.
Elovainio M, Mäkelä; M, Sinervo T, Kivimäki M, Eccles M and Kahan J (2000) Effects of job characteristics, team climate, and attitudes on the use of clinical guidelines. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 28, 117–122.
Emery JC (1990) Editors comments – the management difference: a tale of two IS projects. MIS Quarterly 14(1), xi–xii.
Farh JL, Earley PC and Lin SC (1997) Impetus for action: a cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society. Administrative Science Quarterly 42(3), 421–444.
Finkelstein S, Hambrick DC and Cannella AA Jr (2009) Strategic Leadership: Theory and Research on Executives Top Management Teams and Boards. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fornell C and Larcker DF (1981) Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error Journal of Marking Research 18, 39–50.
Friedmann PD, Taxman, FS and Henderson CE (2007) Evidence-based treatment practices for drug-involved adults in the criminal justice system. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 32(3), 267–277.
Geisser S (1974) A predictive approach to the random effects model. Biometrika, 61(1), 101-107.
George JM and Brief AP (1992) Feeling good-doing good: A conceptual analysis of the mood at work-organizational spontaneity relationship Psychological Bulletin, 112(2), 310–329.
Gittell JH, Seidner R and Wimbush J (2010) A relational model of how high-performance work systems work Organization Science 21, 490–506.
Glisson C and Durick M (1988) Predictors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in human service organizations Administrative Science Quarterly 33, 61–81.
Greenberg J (1990b) Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden cost of pay cuts Journal of Applied Psychology 75, 561–568.
Grégoire Y and Fisher RJ (2006) The effects of relationship quality on customer retaliation. Marketing Letters 17, 31–46.
Grol R and Wensing M (2004) What drives change? Barriers to and incentives for achieving evidence-based practice. Medical Journal of Australia 180(6), S57.
Haider S, De Pablos-Heredero C and Fernandez-ortiz, A (2014) Exploring organizational factors for the implementation of strategies to reduce door to balloon time, Experimental and Clinical Cardiology 20(10), 6258––6270.
Hair JF, Hult GTM, Ringle CM and Sarstedt M (2014) A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage
Hambrick DC and Mason PA (1984) Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers Academy of Management Review 9(2), 193–206.
Henseler J, Ringle CM and Sinkovics RR (2009) The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing, in Advances in International Marketing, Vol. 20 (Special Volume on New Challenges to International Marketing): R.R. Sinkovics and P.N. Ghauri, eds, 277–320.
Holmberg R, Fridell M, Arnesson P and Bäckvall M (2008) Leadership and implementation of evidence-based practices Leadership in Health Services 21(3), 168–184.
Hopkins D and Jackson D (2003) Building the capacity for leading and learning In A Harris, C Day, D Hopkins, M Hadfield, A Hargreaves and C Chapman (Eds), Effective Leadership for School Improvement (pp. 84–104). New York: Routledge Falmer
Huq Z and Martin TN (2000) Workforce Cultural Factors in TQM/CQI Implementation in Hospitals Health Care Management Review 25(3) 80–93.
Iacovini J (1993) The human side of organization change, Training and Development 47(1), 65–68.
Jarvis CB, Mackenzie SB and Podsakoff PM (2003) A Critical Review of Construct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research 30, 199–218.
Kalisch BJ, Curley M and Stefanov S (2007) An intervention to enhance nursing staff teamwork and engagement, Journal of Nursing Administration, 37, 77–84.
Kane-Urrabazo C (2006) Management’s role in shaping organizational culture Journal of Nursing Management 14, 188–194.
Ke W and Wei KK (2008) Organizational culture and leadership in ERP implementation Decision Support Systems 45, 208–218.
Klein KJ and Sorra JS (1996) The challenges of innovation implementation. Academy of Management Review 21(4), 1055–1080.
Knudsen HK. and Roman PM (2004) Modeling the use of innovations in private treatment organizations: The role of absorptive capacity. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 26, 51–59.
Koys DJ (2001) The effects of employee satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, and turnover on organizational effectiveness: a unit-level, longitudinal study, Personnel Psychology 54, 101–114.
Krumholz HM, Bradley EH, Nallamothu BK et al (2008) A campaign to improve the timeliness of primary percutaneous coronary intervention: door-to-balloon: an alliance for quality JACC Cardiovascular Intervention 1, 97–104.
Langford CPH, Bowsher J, Maloney JP and Lillis PP (1997) Social support: a conceptual analysis Journal of advanced nursing 25(1), 95–100.
Macdonald A. and Riahi S (2012) EHR implementation: one organization’s road to success NI 2012: Proceedings of the 11th International Congress on Nursing Informatics, p. 258.
Mackenzie SB, Podsakoff PM and Fetter R (1993) The impact of organizational citizenship behavior on evaluations of salesperson performance Journal of Marketing 57(January), 70–78.
Magid DJ, Calonge BN, Rumsfeld JS, Canto JG, Frederick PD, Every NR and Barron HV (2000) Relation between hospital primary angioplasty volume and mortality for patients with acute MI treated with primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy Journal of American Medical Association 284, 3131–3138.
Mehta RH, Montoye CK, Gallogly M, Baker P, Blount A, Faul J, Roychoudhury C, Borzak S, Fox S, Franklin M et al (2002) Improving quality of care for acute myocardial infarction: the Guidelines Applied in Practice (GAP) Initiative. Journal of American Medical Association (287), 1269–1276.
Melnyk BM, Fineout-Overholt AE, Giggleman M and Cruz R (2010) Correlates among Cognitive Beliefs, EBP Implementation, Organizational Culture, Cohesion and Job Satisfaction in Evidence-based Practice Mentors from a Community Hospital System Nursing Outlook 58(6), 301–308.
Mendel P, Meredith LS, Schoenbaum M et al (2008) Interventions in Organizational and Community Context: A Framework for Building Evidence on Dissemination and Implementation in Health Services Research Administration and Policy in Mental Health (35), 21–37.
Miers M (2016) Intra- and inter-professional working: pitfalls and potential In Lipscomb, M (2016) Exploring Evidence-Based Practice: Debates and Challenges in Nursing, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge
Morton GHA (1983) Become a project champion International Journal of Project Management 1(4), 197–203.
Murphy J (2011) Leading from the Future: Leadership Makes a Difference during Electronic Health Record Implementation Frontiers of Health Services Management 28(1), 25–30
Naylor CD (2004) The complex world of prescribing behavior Journal of American Medical Association (291), 104–106.
Nishii LH, Gote A. and Rever JL (2007) Upper Echelon Theory Revisited: The Relationship Between Upper Echelon Diversity, the Adoption of Diversity Practices, and Organizational Performance, CAHRS Working Paper Series, Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies (CAHRS) Cornell University.
Nitzl C (2010) Eine anwenderorientierte einführung in die partial least square (PLS)-methode. Hamburg: Universität Hamburg, Institut für Industrielles Management.
Nunnally JC (1978) Psychometric Theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Organ DW (1988) Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The ‘‘Good Soldier” Syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Parand A, Dopson S, Renz A and Vincent C (2014) The role of hospital managers in quality and patient safety: a systematic review British Medical Journal Open 4(9), e005055.
Pearce JL and Gregersen HB (1991) Task Interdependence and Extrarole Behavior: A Test of the Mediating Effects of Felt Responsibility. Journal of Applied Psychology 76(6), 838–844.
Peter JP (1979) Reliability a review of psychometric basics and recent marketing practices. Journal of Marketing Research 16, 6–17.
Peterson RA (1994) A Meta-Analysis of Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha. Journal of Consumer Research 21(2), 381–391.
Podsakoff PM and Mackenzie SB (1994) Organizational citizenship behaviors and sales unit effectiveness Journal of Marketing Research 31(3), 351–363.
Podsakoff PM and Mackenzie SB (1997) Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestions for future research Human Performance 10(2), 133–152.
Randall DM, Fedor DB and Longenecker CO (1990) The behavioral expression of organizational commitment Journal of Vocational Behavior 36, 210–224
Rhoades L and Eisenberger R (2002) Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology 87, 698–714.
Riehl JW (1988) Planning for total quality: The information technology component SAM Advanced Management Journal 53(4), 13–19.
Ringle CM, Wende S and Will A (2005) SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) beta, Hamburg: http://www.smartpls.de.
Rodgers R, Hunter JE and Rogers DL (1993) Influence of top management commitment on management program success. Journal of Applied Psychology (78), 151–155.
Sackett DL, Straus SE, Richardson WS et al (2000) Evidence based medicine How to practice and teach EBM, 2nd edn Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
Sadeghi HM, Grines CL, Chandra HR et al (2004) Magnitude and Impact of Treatment Delays on Weeknights and Weekends in Patients Undergoing Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction (the CADILLAC Trial), American Journal of Cardiology (94), 637–640.
Sarsted TM and Ringle CM (2009) Treating unobserved heterogeneity in PLS path modelling: A comparison of FIMIX-PLS with different data analysis strategies. Journal of Applied Statistics 1–22.
Sethi NK (1978) Collaborative MBO Industrial Management 20, 1–4.
Shanley C (2007) Management of change for nurses: lessons from the discipline of organizational studies Journal of Nursing Management (15), 538–546.
Shifaza F, Evans D and Bradley H (2014) Nurses’ Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Implement EBP in the Maldives, Advances in Nursing, Article ID 698604, 7 pages.
Stone M (1974) Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 36(2), 111–147.
Strang D and Soule SA (1998) Diffusion in organizations and social movements: From hybrid corn to Poison Pills Annual Review of Sociology 24, 265–290.
Swink M (1999) Threats to new product manufacturability and the effects of development team integration processes Journal of Operation Management 17, 691–709.
Tenenhaus M (2008) Component-based structural equation modeling Total Quality Management and Business Excellence 19, 871–886.
Tregoe BB, Zimmerman JW, Smith RA and Tobia PM (1990) Implementing the vision: The lessons learned Planning Review 75(1), 39–44.
Turnipseed DL and Rassuli A (2005) Performance perceptions of organizational citizenship behaviors at work: a bi-level study among managers and employees British Journal of Management 16, 231–244.
Unger BN, Kock A, Gemünden HG and Jonas D (2012) Enforcing strategic fit of project portfolios by project termination: An empirical study on senior management involvement International Journal of Project Management (30), 675–685.
Utley R (2011) Theory and Research for Academic Nurse Educators: Application to Practice, Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Walz S and Niehoff BP (2000) Organizational citizenship behaviors: their relationship to organizational effectiveness, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research 24, 108–126
Wayne SJ, Shore LM, Bommer WH and Tetrick LE (2002) The role of fair treatment and rewards in perceptions of organizational support and leader-member exchange Journal of Applied Psychology 87, 590–598.
Weiner, BJ (2009) A theory of organizational readiness for change, Implementation Science 4, 67.
Weiner BJ, Shortell, SM and Alexander J (1997) Promoting Clinical Involvement in Hospital Quality Improvement Efforts: The Effects of Top Management, Board, and Physician Leadership Health Services Research 32, 491–510.
Werts CE, Linn RL and Jöreskog KG (1974) Intraclass reliability estimates: Testing structural assumptions. Educational and Psychological measurement 34(1), 25–33.
Yen HJR and Niehoff BP (2004) Organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational effectiveness: examining relationships in Taiwanese banks, Journal of Applied Social Psychology 34, 1617–1637.
Yen HJR and Niehoff BP (2008) Do organizational citizenship behaviors lead to information system success? Testing the mediation effects of integration climate and project management Information and Management 45, 394–402.
Yoon C (2009) The effects of organizational citizenship behaviors on ERP system success, Computers in Human Behavior 25, 421–428
Yoon MH and Suh J (2003) Organizational citizenship behaviors and service quality as external effectiveness of contact employees Journal of Business Research 56(8), 597–611.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix A
Appendix A
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Haider, S., Fernandez-Ortiz, A. & de Pablos Heredero, C. Organizational citizenship behavior and implementation of evidence-based practice: Moderating role of senior management’s support. Health Syst 6, 226–241 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41306-017-0026-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41306-017-0026-7