Abstract
Seven years Brecht’s junior, Jean-Paul Sartre was born in 1905 in Paris, into a well-established bourgeois family—his maternal grandfather, who helped to raise him, was a high school teacher of German literature and a relative of Albert Schweitzer. Living in a relatively stable liberal democratic state, which valued human rights and the rule of law, the young Sartre had the opportunity to dedicate himself to education and to the development of a personal scholarly agenda. At the elite Ecole Normale Supérieure, he was drawn to the study of philosophy, especially to the phenomenological writings of Henri Bergson, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger. From 1933 to 1935, he was a research student at the Institute Francais in Berlin and at Freiburg University, where he further immersed himself in the writings of Husserl. On his return to France, he taught philosophy at a secondary school in Le Havre. While Sartre abandoned teaching after World War II for a life as an independent scholar and intellectual, he remained since his twenties a member of the French intellectual elite. From the outset, Sartre was above all a philosopher of consciousness and a theorist of subjectivity. 1 He was drawn to both abstract metaphysical speculation and literature as vehicles of philosophical reflection. The publication of the novel Nausea in 1938, and of the short story collection The Wall in 1939, established him as an artist-philosopher of high esteem.
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Notes
Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialism Is a Humanism, trans. Carol Macomber (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), 22–23.
Jean-Paul Sartre, Anti-Semite and Jew: An Exploration of the Etiology of Hate, trans. George J. Becker (New York: Schoken Books, 1995), 59–60.
Jean-Paul Sartre, “War Diary, September–October 1939.” New Left Review 59 (September—October 2009): 111.
Jean-Paul Sartre, Sartre on Theatre, eds. Michel Contat and Michel Rybalk, trans. Frank Jellnick (New York: Pantheon Books, 1976), 183.
Jean-Paul Sartre, Bariona, or the Son of Thunder, in The Writings of Jean-Paul Sartre: Volume 2, Selected Prose, eds. Michel Contat and Michel Rybalka, trans. Richard McCleary (Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 1974), 86.
Hannah Arendt, Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought (New York: Penguin, [1961] 1993), 3.
See James D. Wilkinson, The Intellectual Resistance in Europe (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981).
Jean-Paul Sartre, “Situation of the Writer in 1947,” in What is Literature?, ed. Jean-Paul Sartre, trans. Bernard Frechtman (New York: Jean-Paul Sartre, trans. [1949] 1966), 148.
Jean-Paul Sartre, The Flies, in No Exit, and Three Other Plays, trans. Stuart Gilbert (New York: Vintage International, 1989), 49.
Robert Norman Scanlan, “Complete Action: An Examination of Three Modern Plays in the Light of Aristotle’s Poetics.” Diss. Rutgers University, 1976, 74.
Robert Champaigny, Sartre and Drama (York, SC: French Literature Publications Company, 1982), 69.
Ronald Aronson, Jean-Paul Sartre: Philosophy in the World (London: NLB, 1980).
Jean-Paul Sartre, The Devil and the Good Lord, trans. Kitty Black (New York: Vintage Books, 1960), 12.
Dorothy McCall, The Theatre of Jean-Paul Sartre (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971), 5.
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© 2013 Margot Morgan
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Morgan, M. (2013). Jean-Paul Sartre: The Theatre of Situations. In: Politics and Theatre in Twentieth-Century Europe. Critical Political Theory and Radical Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137370389_4
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