Skip to main content

Negativity in the Public Space: Comparing a Hundred Years of Negative Campaigning on Election Posters in Sweden

  • Chapter
Comparing Political Communication across Time and Space

Abstract

Election posters are one of the oldest channels of political communication. With the advent of modern democracy, following the revolutions in the mid-19th century, posters were important. They helped parties and candi- dates to spread information about policy, ideology and, not least, they were used for attacking opponents (Gerverau, 1991; Hâkansson et al., 2014; Vigs0, 2004)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ansolabehere, S. and Iyengar, S. (2005) Going Negative: How Political Advertising Shrink and Polarize the Electorate (New York: Free Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansolabehere, S., Iyengar, S., Simon, A. and Valentino, N. (1994) ‘Does attack advertising demobilize the electorate?’. American Political Science Review, 88, 829–838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjerling, J. (2013) The Personalisation of Swedish Politics (University of Gothenburg: JMG).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, T. (2000) Partier och kandidater pâ väljarmarknaden. Studier i finländsk politisk reklam (Âbo: Âbo akademi).

    Google Scholar 

  • D alt on, R.J. (2006) Citizen Politics. Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies (Washington: CQ Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillenburger, M., Holtz-Bacha, C. and Lessinger, E.-M. (2005)’It’s yourope! Die plakatkampagnen der parteien im Europawahlkampf 2004’. In Holtz-Bacha, C. (ed.) Europawahl 2004. Die Massenmedien im Europawahlkampf (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumitrescu, D. (2009) Spatial Visual Communications in Election Campaigns: Political Posters Strategies in Two Democracies (Columbus: The Ohio State University).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmelund-Praestekaer, C. (2008) ‘Negative campaigning in a multiparty system’. Representation, 44(1), 27–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elmelund-Praestekaer, C. (2010) ‘Beyond American negativity: Toward a general understanding of the determinants of negative campaigning’. European Political Science Review, 2(1), 137–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elmelund-Praestekaer, C. (2011) ‘Issue ownership as a determinant of negative campaigning’. International Political Science Review, 32(2), 209–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esaiasson, P. (1990) Svenska valkampanjer 1886–1988 (Stockholm: Allmänna förlaget).

    Google Scholar 

  • Esser, F. (2013) ‘Mediatization as a challenge: Media logic versus political logic’. In H.P. Kriesi, S. Lavenex, F. Esser, J. Matthes, M. Bühlmann and D. Bochsler (eds) Democracy in the Age of Globalization and Mediatization (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan).

    Google Scholar 

  • Geer, J.G. (2006) In Defense of Negativity. Attack Ads in Presidential Campaigns (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gerverau, L. (1991) La propagande par l’affisch (Paris: Editions Syros-Alternatives).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grusell, M. and Nord, L. (2010) ‘More cold case than hot spot. A study of public opinion on political advertising in Swedish television’. Nordicom Review, 31(2), 95–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadenius, S. (2008) Modern svenskpoliti.sk historia: konfliktoch samförständ (Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg Bokförlag).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hâkansson, N., Johansson, B. and Vigso, O. (2014) Politik i det offentliga rummet. Svenska valaffischer 1908–2010 (Stockholm: Carlssons Förlag).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, K.M. and Pedersen, RT. (2008)’Negative campaigning in a multiparty system’. Scandinavian Political Studies, 31(4), 408–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayek, L. (2011) ‘Marketing the candidate. Personalization in Austrian national election campaigns, 1945–2008’. Paper presented at the Political Communication across Time and Space Conference, Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hjarvard, S. (2008) ‘The mediatization of society. A theory of the media as agents of social and cultural change’. Nordicom Review, 29(2), 105–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtz-Bacha, C. (2001) ‘Negative campaigning: In Deutschland negativ angenommen’. Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen, (32), 669–677.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtz-Bacha, C. and Johansson, B. (forthcoming) ‘Through the party lens. How citizens evaluate TV electoral spots’. Journal of Political Marketing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtz-Bacha, C. and Lessinger, E.-M. (2006) ‘Politische farbenlehre: Plakatwahlkampf 2005’. In Holtz-Bacha, C. (ed.) Die Massenmedien im Wahlkampf. Die Bundestagswahl 200S (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozial Wissenschaft en).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, K.H. (1992) Dirty Politics: Deception, Distraction, and Democracy (Cambridge: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, B. (2008) ‘Popularized election coverage? News coverage of Swedish parliamentary election campaigns 1979–2006’. Inj. Strömbäck, M. 0rsten and T. Aalberg (eds) Communicating Politics. Political Communication in the Nordic Countries (Göteborg: Nordicom).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, B. and Grusell, M. (2013) ‘”…och nu blir det reklamfilm”. Politisk reklam i svenska valrörelser’. In J. Strömbäck and L. Nord (eds) Kampen om opinionen (Stockholm: SNS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, B. and Odén, T. (2013) Pölitiska annonser. Partiernas valreklam i dagspressen under 100 âr/(Goteborg: Nordicom).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaid, L.L. (2004) ‘Political advertising’. In Kaid, L.L. (ed.) Handbook of Political Communication Research (Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaid, L.L. and Holtz-Bacha, C. (2006) ‘Television advertising and democratic systems around the world’. In L.L. Kaid and C. Holtz-Bacha (eds) The Sage Handbook of Political Advertising (London, New York and New Delhi: Sage).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaid, L.L. and Johnston, A. (1991) ‘Negative versus positive TV advertising in presidential campaigns, 1960–88’. Journal of Communication, 41(53-64).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjeldsen, J.E. (2002) Visuel retorik (Bergen: Institut for Medievitenskap, Universietet i Bergen).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, R.R., and Pomper, G.M. (2004) Negative Campaigning. Analysis of U.S. Senate Elections (Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto and Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lessinger, E.-M. and Holtz-Bacha, C. (2003) ‘“Edmund, Essen ist fertig”. Plakat wähl-kämpf 2002-motive und Strategien’. In Holtz-Bacha, C. (ed.) Die Massenmedien im Wahlkampf. Die Bundestagswahl 2002 (Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mark, D. (2009) Going Dirty. The Art of Negative Campaigning (Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto and Plymouth, UK: Rowman & Littlefield).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazzoleni, G. and Schultz, W. (1999) ‘“Mediatization” of politics: A challenge for democracy?’. Political Communication, 16, 247–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, M. (1997) Politische Bildstrategien im Amerikanischen Präsidentschaftswahlkampf 1828–1996 (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nai, A. (2013) ‘What really matters is which camp goes dirty: Differential effects of negative campaigning on turnout during Swiss federal ballots’. European Journal of Political Research, 52(1), 44–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, P. (2007) Ett decennium med personval: erfarenheter och utfall (Stockholm: Fritzes).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nittve, L. and Lindahl, B. (1979) Svenska valaffischer. En studie avperioden 1920–1976 (Stockholm: Akademilitteratur).

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, T.E. (1993) Out of Order (New York: Knopf).

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, T.E. (2002) The Vanishing Voter (New York: Knopf).

    Google Scholar 

  • Plasser, F. and Plasser, G. (2002) Global Political Campaigning: a Worldwide Analysis of Campaign Professionals and their Practices (Westport: Praeger Publishers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Przeworski, A., Stokes, S. and Manin, B. (1999) Democratic Accountability and Representation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Reinemann, C. and Wilke, J. (2007) ‘It’s the debates, stupid! How the introduction of televised debates changed the portrayal of chancellor candidates in the German press, 1949–2005’. The Harvard International journal of PresslPolitics, 12, 92–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seidman, S.A. (2008) Posters, Propaganda, and Persuasion in Election Campaigns Around the World and Through History (New York: Peter Lang).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigelman, L. and Shiraev, E. (2002) ‘The rational attacker in Russia? Negative campaigning in Russian presidential elections’, journal of Politics, 64(1), 45–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strömbäck, J. (2008) ‘Four phases of mediatization: An analysis of the mediatization of polities’. The International journal of Press/Politics, 13(3), 228–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vigso, O. (2004) Valretorik i Text och Bild. En Studie av 2002 ârs Svenska Valaffischer (Uppsala: Uppsala universitet).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vliegenthart, R. (2012) ‘The professionalization of political communication? A longitudinal analysis of Dutch election campaign posters’. American Behavioral Scientist, 56 (2), 135–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, A.S. and Vliegenthart, R. (2010) ‘Negative campaigning across different communication channels: Different ball games?’ The International journal of Press/ Politics, 15(4), 441–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westrin, J. (2008) Den moderata bilden (Stockholm: Ekerlids förlag).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2014 Bengt Johansson

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Johansson, B. (2014). Negativity in the Public Space: Comparing a Hundred Years of Negative Campaigning on Election Posters in Sweden. In: Canel, M.J., Voltmer, K. (eds) Comparing Political Communication across Time and Space. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137366474_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics