Abstract
Like the fresco paintings of medieval Europe, which employed the skills of large numbers of people under the supervision of a master painter, cinema is often described as an intensely collaborative activity. Does collaboration simply mean the contribution of a large number of people and their skills towards a given project? Social psychologist, Karl Weick, suggests that organisations come into being when individual (or, sometimes, individuals) realises that the task they want to complete is beyond their abilities. They can choose to abandon the task or collaborate with others. When the group comes together it has already identified a purpose and task and, over time, the interests of the individuals gradually become enmeshed.1 Sans Façon, the long-term collaboration between architect Charles Blanc and artist Tristan Surtees, notes that collaboration is often used to describe a number of people with a specific skill, each working on part of a project. In Blanc and Surtees’ view, however, ‘collaboration should ideally take the project somewhere else — a place where you didn’t expect it to end up, as the input of all the collaborators reshapes the project into something altogether new’.2
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Notes
See Karl E. Weick and Kathleen M. Sutcliffe, Managing the Unexpected: Resilient Performance in an Age of Uncertainty (San Fransisco: John Wiley & Sons, 2007).
Julie Salamon, The Devil’s Candy: The Anatomy of a Hollywood Fiasco (Cambridge: Perseus Books, 2002), p. 77.
Charles Musser, The Emergence of Cinema: The American Screen to 1907, vol. 1 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), p. 6.
David Bordwell, Janet Steiger and Kristin Thompson, The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Styles and Modes of Production to 1960 (Oxon: Routledge, 2006), pp. 85–141.
Simon Griffiths and Anthony Giddens, Sociology (Cambridge: Polity, 2006), p. 745.
See Ben Kafka, The Demons of Paperwork (New York: Zone Books, 2012).
David Foster Wallace, Consider the Lobster: Essays and Arguments (New York: Hatchette, 2012), p. xlx.
J.J. Murphy, Me and You and Memento and Fargo: How Independent Screenplays Work (New York: Continuum, 2007), p. 163.
See Jon Elster, Ulysses Unbound: Studies in Rationality Precommitment and Constraints (Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2000).
Mette Hjort, Lone Scherfig’s Italian for Beginners (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2010), p. 44.
Karl E. Weick, Sensemaking in Organizations (Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1995), p. 166.
George P. Huber and William H. Click, eds., Organizational Change and Redesign: Ideas and Insights for Improving Performance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 374.
Beasts of the Southern Wild Press Kit, http://www.festival-cannes.fr/assets/Image/Direct/045640.pdf, accessed 8 August 2013.
Patrick Kenis, Martyna Janowicz and Bart Cambre, eds., Temporary Organizations: Prevalence, Logic and Effectiveness (Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2009), p. 171.
Lucy Alibar, Juicy and Delicious (New York: Diversion Books, 2012).
Charles Jencks and Nathan Silver, Adhocism: The Case for Improvisation (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2013), p. vii.
Aaron Gerow, Kitano Takeshi (London: British Film Institute, 2007), p. 37.
Berys Gaut, A Philosophy of Cinematic Art (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 134.
Holly Willis, New Digital Cinema: Reinventing the Moving Image (London: Wallflower Press, 2005), p. 42.
Miguel Cunha and Ken Kamoche, Organizational Improvisation (London: Routledge, 2004), p. 96.
Michael Chanan, The Dream That Kicks: The Early Years and Pre-History of Cinema in Britain (London: Routledge, 1994), p. 40.
Karl Weick, ‘Organizational Redesign as Improvisation’ in Organizational Change and Redesign: Ideas and Insights for Improving Performance, ed. George P. Huber and William H. Click (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 352–3.
Philip Mosley, The Cinema of the Dardenne Brothers: Responsible Realism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013), p. 10.
Joseph Mai, Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2010), p. 63.
Phillip Mosley, The Cinema of the Dardenne Brothers (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010).
Dorothy Knowles, Armand Gatti in the Theatre: Wild Duck Against the Wind (London: Athlene Press, 1989), p. 13.
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© 2014 Kathryn Millard
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Millard, K. (2014). Collaboration: Writing the Possible. In: Screenwriting in a Digital Era. Palgrave Studies in Screenwriting. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137319104_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137319104_10
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