Abstract
From the beginning of the Iraq War in March 2003 until the complete withdrawal of US military troops from Iraq in December 2011, Iraqis went to the polls on a massive scale on altogether five occasions. In January 2005, they elected a constituent assembly as well as provincial councils; in October 2005 they approved the work of the constituent assembly in a constitutional referendum; in December 2005 they elected their first democratic parliament under the new constitution; in January 2009 they elected provincial councils for a second time; in March 2010 they elected a second parliament. After the Americans left the country, the political focus in Iraq quite quickly came to focus to a third round of provincial elections of April 2013, the sixth major, nationwide election event in a decade.
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Notes
Arend Lijphart, Democracies. Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984).
For an example, see Ad Melkert, “March elections are another step toward normality in Iraq,” Washington Post, February 28, 2010.
Hanna Batatu, The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movement in Iraq (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978), pp. 45–50.
Jonathan Morrow, Iraq’s Constitutional Process, II: Opportunity Lost (Washington, DC: USIP Paper, 2005).
Reidar Visser, A Responsible End? The US and the Iraqi Transition, 2005–2010 (Charlottesville, VA: Just World Books, 2010), pp. 67–84.
Reidar Visser, “Policing a Messy Federation: The Role of the Iraqi Federal Supreme Court, 2005–2010” Orient no. 2, 2011.
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© 2014 Mahmoud Hamad and Khalil al-Anani
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Visser, R. (2014). Iraq: Democracy and Electoral Politics in Post-Saddam Era. In: Hamad, M., al-Anani, K. (eds) Elections and Democratization in the Middle East. Elections, Voting, Technology. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137299253_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137299253_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
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