Abstract
Correlation analysis is another technique used to explore the relationship between variables. It is similar to regression and is the basis of other more complex statistical procedures such as factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Correlation is also widely used in establishing the reliability and validity of a questionnaire and to establish inter-rater reliability. This chapter includes the following sections:
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Technical information
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Bivariate correlation
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Partial correlation
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Reliability
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Examples
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Reference to correlation analysis in text sections
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Using tables to report correlations
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Partial correlation
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Correlation for validation
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Correlation for inter-rater reliability
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Further reading
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using SPSS (4th ed.). London: Sage.
Lowie, W., & Seton, B. (2013). Essential statistics for Applied Linguistics. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan.
Sources of examples
Mori, Y., Sato, K., & Shimizu, H. (2007). Japanese language students’ perceptions on Kanji learning and their relationship to novel Kanji learning ability. Language Learning, 57(1), 57–85. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2007.00399.x.
Nisbet, D. L., Tindal, E. R., & Arroyo, A. A. (2005). Language learning strategies and English learning proficiency of Chinese university students. Foreign Language Annals, 38(1), 100–107. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2005.tb02457.x.
Ong, J., & Zhang, L. (2012). Effects of manipulation of cognitive processes in EFL writers’ text quality. TESOL Quarterly, 47(2), 375–398. doi: 10.1002/tesq.55.
Ryan, S. (2008). The ideal L2 selves of Japanese learners of English. PhD, University of Nottingham.
Woodrow, L. J. (2006a). Academic success of international postgraduate education students and the role of English proficiency. University of Sydney Papers in TESOL, 1, 51–70.
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© 2014 Lindy Woodrow
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Woodrow, L. (2014). Writing about Correlation. In: Writing about Quantitative Research in Applied Linguistics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230369955_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230369955_9
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