Abstract
This chapter covers the post-1992 Peace Accords period and discusses how the institutional changes brought up in the context of peacebuilding have altered the opportunities for local empowerment to occur. More generally, it contests the ‘success story’ label attributed to Mozambique, questioning, instead, what has changed in terms of power redistribution after the Peace Accords. The institutional reforms that took place consolidated a state that is still very distant from the masses. The detailed discussion presented regarding development and democracy reforms in the country further illustrated how formal changes do not necessarily entail more substantial changes at the level of the everyday life. This chapter concludes with statements from everyday people regarding what has changed for them with the advent of peace.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Articles, Books, Book Chapters and Reports
Abrahamsson, H., & Nilsson, A. (1995). Mozambique. The troubled transition. From socialist construction to free market capitalism. London/New Jersey: Zed Books.
Adalima, J., & Nuvunga, A. (2012). Participação da Sociedade Civil na Elaboração do Plano de Ação para a Redução da Pobreza. PARP (2010–2014). Estudo Realizado para o Grupo Informal de Governação. http://www.ruth.org.mz/index.php/component/docman/doc_download/29-participacao-da-sociedade-civil?Itemid=215. Accessed 3 Apr 2014.
AfriMAP and Open Society Initiative for Souther Africa. (2009). Moçambique. Democracia e Participação Política. Report. www.afrimap.org/english/images/report/AfriMAP-Moz-PolPart-PT.pdf. Accessed 10 Mar 2014.
Afrobarometer. (2009). Popular attitudes toward democracy in Mozambique: A summary of Afrobarometer indicators, 2002–2008. http://www.afrobarometer.org/results/results-by-country-a-m/mozambique. Accessed 22 June 2013.
Afrobarometer. (2012). Afrobarometer Round 5 survey in Mozambique, 2012. Compiled by the Centre for Research on Governance and Development (CPGD) http://www.afrobarometer.org/results/results-by-country-a-m/mozambique. Accessed 17 Mar 2014.
Ajello, A. (2002) Testimony. In: Mazula, Brazão (coord.) Mozambique. 10 Years of Peace. Maputo: CEDE, 321-324.
Alden, C. (2001). Mozambique and the construction of the new African state. From negotiations to nation building. London/New York: Palgrave.
Alden, C. (2006). A separate peace: Mozambique, state reconstruction and the search of sustainable democracy. In O. Furley, & R. May (Eds.), Ending Africa’s wars. Progressing to peace. Aldershot/Burlington: Ashgate.
Alfani, F., Azzarri, C., d’Errico, M., & Molini, V. (2012). Poverty in Mozambique. New evidence from recent household surveys. Policy research working paper 6217. The World Bank. Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Department. http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469072&piPK=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000158349_20121003131947. Accessed 14 Feb 2014.
Astill-Brown, J., & Weimer, M. (2010). Mozambique. Balancing development, politics and security. Report. London: Chatham House. The Royal Institute of International Affairs. http://www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/view/109462. Accessed 22 Sept 2011.
Bertelsmann Stiftung (BTI). (2012). Mozambique country report. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung. http://www.bti-project.org. Accessed 14 May 2013.
Bertelsmann Stiftung (BTI). (2014). Mozambique country report. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung. http://www.bti-project.org. Accessed 15 Feb 2014.
Cabaço, J. L. (1995). A Longa Estrada da Democracia Moçambicana. In B. Mazula (Ed.), Moçambique. Eleições, Democracia e Desenvolvimento (pp. 79–114). Maputo: Elo Gráfica Lda.
Carbone, G. (2005). Continuidade na Renovação? Ten years of multiparty politics in Mozambique: Roots, evolution and stabilization of the Frelimo-Renamo party system. Journal of Modern Africa Studies, 43(3), 417–442.
Castel-Branco, C. N. (2012). PARP 2011–2014: Contradições, Tensões e Dilemas. In L. de Brito, C. N. Castel-Branco, S. Chichava, & A. Francisco (orgs.), Desafios para Moçambique 2012 (pp. 105–115). Maputo: IESE.
Chetwynd, E., Chetwynd, F., & Spector, B. (2003). Corruption and poverty: A review of recent literature. Final report. Washington: Management Systems International. http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0708/doc14285.pdf. Accessed 07 Feb 2014.
Cohen, H. J. (2000). Intervening in Africa. Superpower peacemaking in a troubled continent. Studies in diplomacy. London/New York: Macmillan Press.
Cramer, C. (2001). Privatization and adjustment in Mozambique: A ‘hospital pass’? Journal of Southern African Studies, 27(1), 79–103.
Cramer, C. (2006) Civil War is not a Stupid Thing. Accounting for Violence in Developing Countries. London: Hurst and Company.
Cunguara, B. (2012). An exposition of development failures in Mozambique. Review of African Political Economy, 39, 161–170.
de Brito, L. (2012). Pobreza, “PARPAs” e Governação. In L. de Brito, C. N. Castel-Branco, S. Chichava, & A. Francisco (orgs.), Desafios para Moçambique 2012 (pp. 1–25). Maputo: IESE.
de Renzio, P. and Hanlon, J. (2007) Contested Sovereignty in Mozambique: the Dilemmas of Aid Dependence. Managing Aid Dependency Project. GEG Working Paper 2007/25. Available at: http://www.globaleconomicgovernance.org/docs/DerenzioandHanlon_Mozambiquepaperrev120107.pdf (Accessed: 8 January 2010).
Fael, B., & Cortez, E. (2013). Controlo da Corrupção não Foi Prioridade na Agenda da Governação no Período 2005–2013. CIP Newsletter, 19, Boa Governação, Transparência e Integridade. Centro de Integridade Pública de Moçambique, Maputo. http://www.cip.org.mz/article.asp?lang=&sub=news&docno=272. Accessed 15 Mar 2014.
Fox, L. (2008). Beating the odds. Sustaining inclusion in Mozambique’s growing economy. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Francisco, A. (2009). Sociedade Civil em Moçambique. Expectativas e Desafios. In L. de Brito, C. N. Castel-Branco, S. Chichava, & A. Francisco (orgs.), Desafios para Moçambique 2010 (pp. 51–105). Maputo: IESE.
Francisco, A. (2012). Por que o PARP Existe em Moçambique? Semanário Canal de Moçambique. Part 1, 16–18; Part 2 18–23. www.iese.ac.mz/lib/af/Porque_PARPExisteMocambique.pdf. Accessed 10 Sept 2012.
Francisco, A., & Matter, K. (2007). Poverty observatory in Mozambique—Final report. Maputo: Commissioned Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). http://www.gersterconsulting.ch/docs/Mozambique-Poverty-Report.pdf. Accessed 7 Jan 2014.
Francisco, A., Mucavele, A., Monjane, P., & Seuane, S. (2007). Mozambican civil society within: Evaluation, challenges, opportunities and action. Civil Society Index, Mozambique. Foundation for Community Development (trans: Rabelo, P.). www.iese.ac.mz/lib/af/pub/CSI%20Moz%2007%20english_.pdf. Accessed 30 Apr 2013.
Green, D. (2008). From poverty to power. How active citizens and effective states can change the world. Oxford: Oxfam International.
Hanlon, J. (1991). Mozambique. Who calls the shot? London/Bloomington/Indianapolis: James Currey/Indiana University Press.
Hanlon, J. (1996). Peace without profit. How the IMF blocks rebuilding in Mozambique (African issues). Oxford/Portsmouth: James Currey/Heinemann.
Hanlon, J. (Ed.) (2000). Mozambique peace process bulletin, Issue 24. Amsterdam/Maputo: AWEPA.
Hanlon, J. (2004). Do donors promote corruption?: The case of Mozambique. Third World Quartely, 25(4), 747–763.
Hanlon, J. (2009a). Mozambique. The panic and rage of the poor. Review of African Political Economy, 36(119), 125–130.
Hanlon, J. (2009b). Mozambique’s Elite—Finding its way in a globalised world and returning to old development models. Paper presented at a Crisis States Research Center Seminar, 7 October 2009.
Hanlon, J. (2010a). Frelimo landslide in tainted election in Mozambique. Review of African Political Economy, 37(123), 92–95.
Hanlon, J. (2010b). Mozambique: ‘the war ended 17 years ago, but we are still poor’. Analysis. Conflict, security and development, 10(1), 77–102.
Hanlon, J. (2010c). Mozambique news reports & clippings, Issue 168.
Hanlon, J. and Cunguara, B. (2010). Poverty is not being reduced in Mozambique. LSE Crisis States Research Centre. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28467/1/WP74.2.pdf. Accessed: 15 July 2016.
Hanlon, J., & Smart, T. (2008). Do bicycles equal development in Mozambique? Suffolk/Rochester: James Currey.
Honwana, A. M. R. M. (1996). Spiritual agency and self-renewal in Southern Mozambique (pp. 434–375). Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Anthropology. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London.
Hume, C. (1994). Ending Mozambique’s war. The role of mediation and good offices. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Lalá, A. (2005). DDR in Mozambique: The borderlines of the success story. In A. Fitz-Gerald & H. Mason (Eds.), From conflict to community: A combatant’s return to citizenship (pp. 155–185). Shrivenham: GFN-SSR.
Lalá, A. (2014). Democratisation under duress: Mozambique’s belligerent peace now. Africa@Bradford blog. http://jefcas.wordpress.com/2014/02/04/democratisation-under-duress-mozambiques-belligerent-peace-now/. Accessed 27 Feb 2014.
Lundin, I. B. (2004). The peace process and the construction of reconciliation post-conflict—The experience of Mozambique. Paper presented at the international seminar “experiences of penal alternatives in peace processes”, Barcelona, 27–28 February.
Manning, C. (2002) The Politics of Peace in Mozambique. Post-Conflict Democratization, 1992–2000. Westport, London, Connecticut: Praeger.
Manning, C. (2003). Local level challenges to post-conflict peacebuilding. International Peacekeeping, 10(3), 25–43.
Manning, C., & Malbrough, M. (2009). Learning the right lessons from Mozambique’s transition to peace. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 5(1), 77–91.
Martini, M. (2012). Overview of corruption and anti-corruption in Mozambique. Transparency International. http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/answer/overview_of_corruption_and_anti_corruption_in_mozambique. Accessed 20 June 2013.
Maschietto, R. H. (2015). What has changed with peace? Local perceptions of empowerment in Mozambique. Journal of Peacebuilding and Development, 10(2), 20–35.
Mazula, B. (2002). Introduction. In Mazula, B. (Coord.), Mozambique. 10 years of peace (pp. 1–6). Maputo: CEDE.
Morier-Genoud, E. (2009). Mozambique since 1989. Shaping democracy after socialism. In A. R. Mustapha & L. Whitfield (Eds.), Turning points in African democracy (pp. 153–166). Suffolk: James Currey.
Nordstrom, C. (1997). A different kind of war story. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Paris, R. (2004). At war’s end. Building peace after civil conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pereira, J. (2011). Slow progress towards democratic ownership in Mozambique. Based on consultancy work by Mariam Umarji. Alliance 2015 Policy Brief. http://www.alliance2015.org/fileadmin/Texte__Pdfs/Text_Documents/Alliance2015_Democratic_Ownership_Mozambique_2011.pdf. Accessed 13 Dec 2013.
Pereira, J., Raimundo, I., Chikwanha, A., Saude, A., & Mattes, R. (2003). Eight years of multiparty democracy in Mozambique: The publics’s view (Afrobarometer Working Paper No. 30). http://www.afrobarometer.org/results/results-by-country-a-m/mozambique. Accessed 22 June 2013.
Pitcher, A. M. (2002). Transforming Mozambique. The politics of privatization, 1975–2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richmond, O. P. (2011). A post-liberal peace. London/New York: Routledge.
Rupiya, M. (1998). Historical context: War and peace in Mozambique. Accord, An International Review of Peace Initiatives. In The Mozambican peace process in perspective (pp. 10–17). London: Conciliation Resources.
Saul, J. S. (2011). Mozambique—Not then but now. Review of African Political Economy, 38(127), 93–101.
Sen, A. (1999). Desenvolvimento como Liberdade. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
Synge, R. (1997). Mozambique. UN peacekeeping in action, 1992–94. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). (2015). Human development report 2015. Work for human development. Briefing note for countries on the 2015 human development report, Mozambique. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/MOZ.pdf. Accessed 15 Feb 2016.
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (2011) Report of the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers, Gabriela Knaul. Addendum. Missions to Mozambique. A/HRC/17/30/Add.2.
Van den Bergh, L. (2009). Why peace worked. Mozambicans look back. Amsterdam: Association of European Parliamentarians with Africa (AWEPA).
Venâncio, M. (1998). Can peace-keeping be said to have worked in Mozambique? (Bye bye ONUMOZ). In S. Chan & M. Venâncio (Eds.), War and peace in Mozambique (pp. 98–116). Basingstoke/New York: Macmillan.
Venâncio, M., & Chan, S. (1998). War and gropings towards peace. In S. Chan & M. Venâncio (Eds.), War and peace in Mozambique (pp. 1–29). Basingstoke/New York: Macmillan.
Vines, A. (2013). Renamo’s rise and decline: The politics of reintegration in Mozambique. International Peacekeeping, 20(3), 375–393.
Weimer, B. (2002). Mozambique: Ten years of peace—Democracy, governance and reform. Interrogations of a privileged observer. In Mazula, B. (Coord.), (2002). Mozambique. 10 years of peace (pp. 61–86). Maputo: CEDE.
Weimer, B., Macuane, J. J., & Buur, L. (2012). A Economia do Political Settlement em Moçambique: Contexto e Implicações da Descentralização. In B. Weimer (org.), Moçambique: Descentralizar o Centralismo. Economia Política, Recursos e Resultados (pp. 31–75). Maputo: IESE.
Welzel, C., & Inglehart, R. (2008). Democracy as human empowerment: The role of ordinary people in emergence and survival of democracy. CDS Working Paper. Center for the Study of Democracy. California: University of California. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tj7c4bb. Accessed 16 Mar 2014.
Wilson, K. (1994). The people’s peace in Mozambique. Southern Africa Report (SAR), 9(4). http://www.africafiles.org/article.asp?ID=4008. Accessed 17 July 2016.
Legislation, Official Documents and Statements
Guebuza, A. E. (2005). Na Caminhada Contra a Pobreza. State of the Nation. Maputo, 6 December.
Guebuza, A. E. (2006). O Combate à Pobreza: Um Desígnio Nacional. State of the Nation. Maputo, 18 December.
Guebuza, A. E. (2007). Unidos, Prossigamos com a Nossa Missão, Luta contra a Pobreza. State of the Nation. Maputo, 13 December.
Guebuza, A. E. (2009a). O Combate contra a Pobreza: Concentrando nossas Ações no Distrito. State of the Nation. Maputo, 22 June.
Republic of Mozambique. (1992). Acordo Geral de Paz de Moçambique. Boletim da República, Suplemento, Lei n. 13/92, 14 October.
Republic of Mozambique. (2010a). Pobreza e Bem-estar em Moçambique: Terceira Avaliação Nacional. Maputo: DNEAP, Ministério da Planificação e Desenvolvimento.
Republic of Mozambique. (2010b). Report on the Millenium Development Goals. Maputo: Ministry of Planning and Development.
Republic of Mozambique. MAE/MF/MPD. (2011). Fundo Distrital de Desenvolvimento. Manual de Procedimentos. Maputo.
Republic of Mozambique (2006) Plano de Acção para Redução da Pobreza Absoluta (PARPA II) 2006-2009, Maputo.
Republic of Mozambique. MF. (2006a). Ofício No. 101/GM/MF/2006. Maputo, 12 May.
Republic of Mozambique. MF. (2006b). Ofício No. 37/GM/MF/06. Maputo, 11 April.
Press
AIM. (2000, December 5). 75 suffocate in police cell horror. AIM Reports, No. 196. Online http://www.poptel.org.uk/mozambique-news/newsletter/aim196.html. Accessed 5 Apr 2014.
AIM. (2009a, May 27). Suspenso Administrador do Distrito de Angoche. Online http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/noticias/governacao/maio2009/suspenso-administrador-do-distrito-de-angoche/. Accessed 6 July 2014.
AIM. (2009b, November 18). Mozambique: Census results—Work and poverty. Online http://www.poptel.org.uk/mozambique-news/newsletter/aim391.html. Accessed 18 Nov 2009.
AIM. (2011a, January 04). Mozambique: crowd attacks police in Magude. Online http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/201101041011.html. Accessed 12 Jan 2011.
AIM. (2011b, January 07). Mozambique: Cholera—Community leader beaten to death. Online http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/201101100315.html. Accessed 12 Jan 2011.
AIM. (2013a, March 21). Moçambique Passa a Ter 13 Novos Distritos. Online http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/noticias/governacao/marco-2013/mocambique-passa-a-ter-13-novos-distritos/. Accessed 23 May 2014.
AIM. (2013b, December 11). Mozambique: Dependence on foreign aid continues to decline. Online http://allafrica.com/stories/201312120066.html. Accessed 3 Apr 2014.
Allison, S. (2014, October 21). Think again: Renamo’s Renaissance, and Civil War as election strategy. Institute of Strategic Studies. http://www.issafrica.org/iss-today/think-again-renamos-renaissance-and-civil-war-as-election-strategy. Accessed 29 Oct 2014.
Websites
Africa Economic Outlook (AEO). (2010). Mozambique. http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/countries/southern-africa/mozambique/. Accessed 25 Jan 2011.
Africa Economic Outlook (AEO). (2013). Mozambique. http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/countries/southern-africa/mozambique/. Accessed 20 Feb 2014.
Freedom House. (2014). Mozambique, overview. http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/mozambique#.U0cOIcepr9s. Accessed 30 Mar 2014.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 Roberta Holanda Maschietto
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maschietto, R.H. (2016). Post-War Mozambique: Designing Peace, (Re)Distributing Power (?). In: Beyond Peacebuilding . Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94951-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94951-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-94950-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-94951-9
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)