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Participative Democracy and the Alternative National Project of Morena in Mexico

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Popular Sovereignty and Constituent Power in Latin America
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Abstract

This chapter argues that the prevalence of a true liberal and representative democracy in Mexico is greatly obstructed by authoritarian atavisms constructed in the country during the twentieth century and by neoliberal accumulation; also, that it does not escape the crisis of neoliberalism that is affecting the entire world. A nascent anti-neoliberal force has been struggling to make this democracy a reality, and, furthermore, to deepen it and render it a participative democracy: the Morena party-movement. This force owes its popularity and expansion to an imaginary that originates from the Mexican revolution and is therefore an expression of the national-popular.

Translated from Spanish by Anna Holloway

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Notes

  1. 1.

    At the moment of its constitution as a civil association on October 2, 2011, the movement led by Andrés Manuel López Obrador adopted the name of National Regeneration Movement (Movimiento Regeneración Nacional). However, when it registered as a political party on July 9, 2014, the election authorities denied it the name because there was already a party whose name included the word “movement”. That is why the party led by López Obrador is today called simply Morena. This information was provided by Gabriel Biestro, president of Morena’s state council in Puebla (2013–2015). On this, also see García (2011), Páez (2014).

  2. 2.

    For a review of this debate, see Ross (1972).

  3. 3.

    In 2006 as well as 2012, López Obrador led coalitions constituted by the Party of Democratic Revolution (Partido de Revolución Democrática, PRD), Citizens’ Movement (Movimiento Ciudadano) former Convergence (Convergencia), and the Labor Party (Partido Democrático, PT).

  4. 4.

    This phrase belongs to author Guadalupe Trejo Ávila, Morena activist from Puebla, pronounced amidst the frustration following the 2012 elections.

  5. 5.

    The other 20 % voted for Morena to remain a movement.

  6. 6.

    One of the leaders of Morena in Mexico City at that moment asserted that the road to the “change of regime” will be pacific and “must be based on social mobilization and participation in the elections, which inevitably involves its registration as a political party” (Cervantes 2012).

  7. 7.

    Although the book containing the guidelines of the Alternative National Project calls the latter the “New National Project”, the Program of Morena, available at website Morena, the hope of Mexico, www. amlo.org.mx, speaks of the “Alternative National Project”, the name by which the militants recognize the party’s political project.

  8. 8.

    López Obrador refers to this oligarchy that has performed a patrimonial appropriation of the state as the “mafia of power” in López Obrador (2007) and López Obrador (2010).

  9. 9.

    This brief review of how Morena views the concepts of representative and participative democracy is specifically referenced in Ramírez et al. (2011: 33, 36, 37, 39, 46, 49, 51, 53–54, 61, 69, 88). This conception can also be found in the Declaración de principios de Morena (The declaration of principles of Morena 2014a), El Programa de Morena (The Program of Morena 2014b) and the Estatuto de Morena (Morena Statute, 2014c).

  10. 10.

    The Cardenist imaginary that Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas inherited from his father is similar to the Bonapartist myth that Marx analyzed in the pages of the Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (Marx 1994). In that conjuncture, the uncle’s nephew capitalized the legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte among the mass of peasants owning plots of land and used it to establish a regime that the political and sociological literature has qualified as “Bonapartist”. Of course, all similarities end there. The ethical and political standing of Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas and the progressive role he played create an abysmal distance between him and Luis Bonaparte.

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Ibarra, C.F. (2016). Participative Democracy and the Alternative National Project of Morena in Mexico. In: Betances, E., Figueroa Ibarra, C. (eds) Popular Sovereignty and Constituent Power in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54825-2_6

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