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Terahertz control of many-body dynamics in quantum materials

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Abstract

Quantum-mechanical phenomena underpin the behaviour of quantum materials at the microscopic level. The description of several essential properties of these materials surpasses the generic treatment of electrons as classical non-interacting entities. Owing to the many-body nature of quantum materials, a microscopic understanding of the interactions dictating their ground state is indispensable for acquiring control over their dynamics. Non-equilibrium measurements can characterize such interactions both in time and in space, and the temporal evolution of the relaxation processes after excitation sheds light on the underlying correlations among charge, spin, orbital and lattice degrees of freedom. The energy scales of these interactions fall within the terahertz (THz) range, making THz radiation not only an effective probe but also an ideal tool for non-equilibrium perturbation, and perhaps a future tool for manipulation. In this Review, we survey how THz light has been used to drive quantum materials out of equilibrium and to retrieve information on the associated correlation processes and many-body dynamics. In particular, we show how THz light can induce superconducting-like features in layered superconductors and drive quasiparticles in heavy-fermion systems out of equilibrium. We also provide several examples of phase transitions driven dynamically by pumping correlated systems using THz light.

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Fig. 1: Interaction between THz light and quantum materials.
Fig. 2: Light-induced superconductivity.
Fig. 3: Quasiparticle dynamics at picosecond timescales.
Fig. 4: Terahertz-field-induced phase changes.

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Acknowledgements

C.-J.Y. and M.F. acknowledge the financial support from NCCR MUST via No. PSP 1-003448-051. J.L. and M.F. acknowledge the support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under Project No. 200021_178825. S.P. acknowledges the start-up support from DAE through NISER and SERB through SERB-SRG via Project No. SRG/2022/000290. In addition, S.P. also acknowledges the support from DAE through the project Basic Research in Physical and Multidisciplinary Sciences via RIN4001. The authors acknowledge J. Kroha, N. A. Spaldin, D. Juraschek, A.K. Nandy, K. Saha and A. Mukherjee for the stimulating discussions on the subject matter.

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  1. Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Chia-Jung Yang, Jingwen Li & Manfred Fiebig

  2. School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha, India

    Shovon Pal

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Yang, CJ., Li, J., Fiebig, M. et al. Terahertz control of many-body dynamics in quantum materials. Nat Rev Mater 8, 518–532 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-023-00566-w

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