Abstract
The thickness of the thin liquid film and its effects have always been a research hotspot in nuclear power applications and operating nuclear power plants, because the flow phenomenon of the liquid film is extremely common in multiphase flow research. Based on papers published in recent years, novel research progress on thin film thickness is reviewed from the following two perspectives: the experimental measurement and the theoretical model of liquid film thickness. For the experimental measurement, methods mainly include the PLIF method, the capacitance method, and the ultrasonic method. The following contents in this part are mainly reviewed from the PLIF method, the capacitance method, the ultrasonic method, and other methods for the measurement of the liquid film thickness on the wall, the liquid film thickness on the tube wall, and other aspects of the liquid film thickness. For the model, the theoretical model of liquid film thickness on the wall is mainly reviewed from two aspects: vertical flow and horizontal flow. Other models are mainly reviewed from the following aspects. They are annular film thickness, liquid film thickness for gas–liquid annular flow, and film thickness in pipes.
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05 February 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-022-0132-z
Abbreviations
- Ar :
-
Archimedes number
- Bo :
-
Bond number based on the bubble acceleration
- C :
-
Capacitance between two parallel conductive plates
- Ca :
-
Capillary number
- Ca**:
-
Criterion for the limit in capillary number
- D :
-
Outside diameter of tube
- D i :
-
Tube inner diameter
- Fr G :
-
Froude number for gas phase
- h :
-
Liquid film thickness
- I t :
-
Sum of the reflected light intensity
- I 0 :
-
Incident intensity
- k :
-
Spectral absorption coefficient
- n 1 :
-
Refractive indexes of air absorption medium
- n 2 :
-
Refractive indexes of liquid absorption medium
- R :
-
Reflectivity on the liquid-gas interface
- Re :
-
Liquid film Reynolds number
- Q :
-
Liquid feeding rate
- S :
-
Intertube spacing
- v*:
-
Dimensionless slip velocity
- We :
-
Weber number
- We L :
-
Weber number for liquid phase
- We G :
-
Weber number for gas phase
- α :
-
Modification coefficient
- μ :
-
Dynamic viscosity
- θ :
-
Incident angle
- β 1 :
-
Circumferential angle measured from the top of the horizontal tube
- β :
-
Circumferential angle
- τ :
-
Liquid flow rate on one side per unit length of cylinder
- τ 1 :
-
Flow rate of the liquid on one side of the tube
- ρ :
-
Density of the liquid
- ρ L :
-
Density of liquid
- ρ G :
-
Density of gas
- δ :
-
Liquid film thickness
- δ 0 :
-
Initial liquid film thickness
- ε r :
-
Dielectric constant
- σ :
-
Surface tension of the liquid
- Ω :
-
Disc spinning speed
- CFD:
-
Computational fluid dynamics
- DLAS:
-
Diode laser absorption spectroscopy
- LCDM:
-
Laser confocal displacement meter
- LDV:
-
Laser Doppler velocimeter
- LFDM:
-
Laser focus displacement meter
- LIF:
-
Laser induced fluorescence
- PLIF:
-
Planar laser induced fluorescence
- TAB:
-
Taylor analogy breakup
- TFB:
-
Turbulent fluidized bed
- TFCI:
-
Thin film colorimetric interferometry
- WFT:
-
Water film thickness
- Decel:
-
Decelerated condition
- G:
-
Gas phase
- L:
-
Liquid phase
- Steady:
-
Steady condition
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Ph.D. Student Research and Innovation Fund of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51676052), and Chinese Universities Scientific Fund.
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Wang, B., Ke, B., Chen, B. et al. A technical review of research progress on thin liquid film thickness measurement. Exp. Comput. Multiph. Flow 2, 199–211 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-019-0051-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-019-0051-9