Abstract
This report describes the design and synthesis of gold nanostars (AuNSs) containing liposomes by the in situ reduction of gold precursor, HAuCl4 (pre-encapsulated within the liposomes) through HEPES diffusion and reduction. Compared with the conventional process that encapsulates the pre-synthesized gold nanoparticles into liposomes during the thin-film hydration step, this facile and convenient method allows the formation and simultaneous encapsulation of AuNSs within liposomes. The absorption spectra of AuNSs can be tuned between visible and near infra-red (NIR) regions by controlling the size and morphology of AuNSs through varying the concentrations of HAuCl4 and HEPES. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the synthesis of AuNSs with a maximum absorbance at 803 nmwithin the temperature-sensitive liposomes. These liposomes can produce stronger photoacoustic signals (1.5 fold) in the NIR region than blood. Furthermore, when there are drugs (i.e., doxorubicin) within these liposomes, the irradiation with the NIR pulse laser will disrupt the liposomes and trigger the 100% release of these pre-encapsulated drugs within 10 seconds. In comparison, there is neglectable contrast enhancement or minor release (10%) of drugs for the pure liposomes under the same conditions. Finally, cell experiment shows the potential therapeutic application of this system.
摘要
本文通过在脂质体内还原金的前体HAuCl4原位合成了金纳米星. 这种设计跟常用的在脂质体内装载金纳米球的方法相比, 优点是方 便快捷的同时实现了金纳米材料的形成和装载. 通过改变实验条件, 合成的金纳米星具有可控的尺寸, 以及在可见区到近红外区之间的可 控吸收光谱. 作为一个例子, 我们在脂质体内合成了最大吸收在803nm的金纳米星. 这种材料具有温度敏感性, 在近红外区可以产生比血液 好1.5倍的光声造影信号. 当我们把抗癌药物阿霉素装载到这种脂质体内时, 近红外区的激光照射可以在10秒内触发药物100%的释放. 相对应的, 不含纳米星的脂质体在同等条件下只能释放10%的药物, 也不具备光声造影的信号增强. 最后, 我们在癌细胞内测试了该脂质体的疗效, 初步验证了该体系的应用前景.
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Acknowledgments
The work was partially supported by NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine (To Xu CJ), the Tier-2 Grant funded by theMinistry of Education in Singapore (ARC2/15: M4020238 to M.P.). Dhayani A thanks UGC for junior research fellowship. Vemula PK thanks DBT for Ramalingaswami ReEntry fellowship. We appreciateMr. Stanley Sim Siong Wei to help us draw the illustration.
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Malathi Mathiyazhakan studied industrial biotechnology at SASTRA University, India. As an undergraduate, she conducted research on host:virus interactions with Chikungunya virus. After receiving her B.Tech. in Industrial Biotechnology in 2011, she joined Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) as a PhD student under the supervision of Prof. Chenjie Xu. Her research interest lies in the area of smart nanomaterials for drug delivery and imaging. Current work focuses on the facile synthesis of gold nanoparticles containing liposomes for drug delivery and photoacoustic imaging.
Chenjie Xu is an assistant professor at Nanyang Technological University. He is interested in the development of patientfriendly and efficacious nanotechnologies for drug delivery. The key in this process is to address the unmet need in the drug administration with innovative strategies that can be quickly translated from bench to bedside. Currently, his laboratory is interested in developing nanotechnologies for the targeted drug delivery in the most common diseases like cancer and scar formation.
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Mathiyazhakan, M., Upputuri, P.K., Sivasubramanian, K. et al. In situ synthesis of gold nanostars within liposomes for controlled drug release and photoacoustic imaging. Sci. China Mater. 59, 892–900 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-016-5101-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-016-5101-3