Abstract
A high-vanadium alloy composite layer was prepared on the surface of a carbon steel using cast composite technology, and the wear properties of the composite layer were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of the composite layer was composed of primary vanadium carbides (VC), flake martensite, residual austenite, and fine VC. The hardness of the cast alloy layer was 63 HRC. The abrasive wear resistance and impact wear resistance were increased by 60% and 26%, respectively, compared with those of high-chromium cast iron. The excellent wear resistance of the cast alloy layer is attributed to the high-hardness primary vanadium carbide and the large number of fine secondary vanadium carbides precipitated out of the cast alloy layer.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Sun S Q, Wang Y X, Lu X J, Lu X, Mao C L, Zeng Z X. Achieving excellent tribological performance of a-C: WC film by controlling sub-nano-structure. Tribol Int 128: 65–74 (2018)
Wei S Z, Xu L J. Review on research progress of steel and iron wear-resistant material. Acta Metall Sin 56(4): 523–538 (2020)
Deng X T, Huang L, Wang Q, Fu T L, Wang Z D. Three-body abrasion wear resistance of TiC-reinforced low-alloy abrasion-resistant martensitic steel under dry and wet sand conditions, Wear 452–453: 203310 (2020)
Xu L J, Wei S Z, Xiao F N, Zhou H, Zhang G S, Li J W. Effects of carbides on abrasive wear properties and failure behaviours of high speed steels with different alloy element content. Wear B 376–377: 968–974 (2017)
Holmberg K, Erdemir A. Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions. Friction 5(3): 263–284 (2017)
Xu L J, Fan X M, Wei S Z, Liu D D, Zhou H, Zhang G S, Zhou Y C. Microstructure and wear properties of highspeed steel with high molybdenum content under rolling-sliding wear. Tribol Int 116: 39–46 (2017)
Chong X Y, Jiang Y H, Zhou R, Feng J. Electronic structures mechanical and thermal properties of V-C binary compounds. RSC Adv 4(85): 44959–44971 (2014)
Xu L J, Xing J D, Wei S Z, Zhang Y Z, Long R. Study on relative wear resistance and wear stability of high-speed steel with high vanadium content. Wear 262(3–4): 253–261 (2007)
Mendas M, Stéphane B. Comparative study of abrasion via microindentation and microscratch tests of reinforced and unreinforced lamellar cast iron. Friction 7: 457–465 (2019)
Marques F P, Scandian C, Bozzi A C, Fukumasu N K, Tschiptschin A P, Bozzi A C. Formation of a nanocrystalline recrystallized layer during microabrasive wear of a cobalt-chromium based alloy (Co-30Cr-19Fe). Tribol Int 116: 105–112 (2017)
Xu L J, Wei S Z, Han M R, Long R. Effect of Carbides on Wear Characterization of High-Alloy Steels under High-Stress Rolling-Sliding Condition. Tribol T 57: 631–636 (2014)
Xu L J, Wei S Z, Xing J D, Long R. Effects of carbon content and sliding ratio on wear behavior of highvanadium high-speed steel (HVHSS) under high-stress rolling sliding contact. Tribol Int 70: 34–41 (2014)
Zhang D W, Lei T C, Li F J. Laser cladding of stainless steel with Ni - Cr3C2 for improved wear performance. Wear 250(1–12): 1372–1376 (2001)
Nurminen J, Näkki J, Vuoristo P. Microstructure and properties of hard and wear resistant MMC coatings deposited by laser cladding. Int J Ref Meter & H Mater 27(2): 472–478 (2009)
Ignacio T, Cobley A J, Yi Z. Tribological performance of novel nickel-based composite coatings with lubricant particles. Friction 7: 169–180 (2019)
Yun E, Lee S. Correlation of microstructure with hardness and wear resistance in Cr3C2/stainless steel surface composites fabricated by high-energy electron beam irradiation. Mat Sci Eng A 405(1–2): 163–172 (2005)
Chen S Y, Nambiar S, Li Z, Osei E, Darko J, Zheng W P, Sun Z D, Liu P, Yeow J T W. Bismuth oxide-based nanocomposite for high-energy electron radiation shielding. J Mater Sci 54(4): 3023–3034 (2019)
Liu X B, Gu Y J. Plasma jet clad γ/Cr7C3 composite coating on steel. Mater Let 60(5): 577–580 (2006)
Geng Z, Hou S H, Shi G L, Duan D L, Li S. Tribological behaviour at various temperatures of WC-Co coatings prepared using different thermal spraying techniques. Tribol Int 104: 36–44 (2016)
Feng Z Q, Tang M Q, Liu Y Q, Yan Z W, Li G, Zhang R Z. In situ synthesis of TiC-TiN-reinforced Fe-base plasma cladding coatings. Surface Eng 34(4): 1–7 (2017)
Jin G, Li Y, Cui H W, Cui X F, Cai Z B. Microstructure and Tribological Properties of In Situ Synthesized TiN Reinforced Ni/Ti Alloy Clad Layer Prepared by Plasma Cladding Technique. J Mater Eng Perform 25(6): 2412–2419 (2016)
Zheng C, Liu Y H, Qin J, Chen C, Ji R J. Wear behavior of HVOF sprayed WC coating under water-in-oil fracturing fluid condition. Tribol Int 115: 28–34 (2017)
Sawant M S, Jain N K. Investigations on wear characteristics of Stellite coating by micro-plasma transferred arc powder deposition process. Wear 378–379: 155–64 (2017)
Zhang Z Z, Yang M M, Yuan J Y, Guo F, Men X H. Friction and wear behaviors of MoS2-multi-walledcarbonnanotube hybrid reinforced polyurethane composite coating. Friction 7(4): 316–326 (2019)
Raghunath C, Bhat M S, Rohatgi P K. In situ technique for synthesizing Fe-TiC composites. Scripta Metall Mater 32(4): 577–582 (1995)
Ballmes H, Klassen A, Rottmair C A, Singer R. Carbon long fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites-Parameter studies and numerical simulations of the infiltration process. Adva Eng Mater 12(7): 577–583 (2010)
Sube T, Kommer M, Fenker M, Hader B, Albrecht J. Reduced friction on gamma-Mo2N coatings deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering on microstructured surfaces. Tribol Int 106: 41–45 (2017)
Jung C K, Jang J H, Han K S. Numerical Simulation of Infiltration and Solidification Processes for Squeeze Cast Al Composites with Parametric Study. Metall Mater Trans A 39(11): 2736–2748 (2008)
Ren Y Y, Zhang G S, Wei S Z, Li J W. Influence of thermite reaction on the microstructures and properties of cast-infiltration composite layer. Adv Mater Res 602–604(5): 18–22 (2012)
Li X, Gao T F, Jiang C H, Huang R Z. Surface alloying of Au atoms on a Ni (110) surface: A theoretical study. IOP Conference Series Mater Sci Eng 275(1): 24–26 (2017)
Xu B, Yang J X, Feng C M. Microstructure and wear resistance of WC/high chromium cast iron composite layers. Mech Engineering Mater 23(4): 43–45 (1999)
Uskov I V. Improving the wear resistance of steel castings by strengthening the surface with silicon-carbide and chromium-car-bide powders. Sov J Fri Wear (2): 8 (1989)
Ye F X, Hojamberdiev M, Xu Y H, Zhong L S, Zhao N N, Li Y P. Microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of VCp/Fe surface composites fabricated in situ. Appl Surface Sci 280(8): 297–303 (2013)
Cao H T, Dong X P, Li W F, Pan Z, Wu X W, Huang Q W. Study on the microstructure and performance of ductile iron by PTA alloying high vanadium high-speed steel coating. Foundry 63(7): 637–641 (2014)
Yang T L, Chen Y, Li X B. Microanalysis of vanadium chromium casting infiltration layer on cast steel surface and research on dry sliding wear performance. Cast 57(1): 15–19 (2008)
Ray A K, Goswami B, Raj A, Singh MP. Studies on pyrometallurgy of vanadium bearing iron, steel and slag. J Metall Mater Sci 55(2): 99–111 (2013)
Chang K K, Yong C K, Park J I, Sunghak L, Nack J K, Jung S Y. Effects of alloying elements on microstructure, hardness, and fracture toughness of centrifugally cast high-speed steel rolls. Metall Mater Trans A 36(1): 87–97 (2005)
Acknowledgements
The authors greatly acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51171060) and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT1234).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Fangfang WANG. She graduated from Henan University of Science and Technology with a bachelor’s degree in material forming and control engineering in 2018. Then, she studied for a master’s degree at the National Joint Engineering Research Center for Wear Control and Forming of Metal Materials at Henan University of Science and Technology. She recently received a master’s degree in materials science and engineering from Henan University of Science and Technology. Her research interests focus on the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance of metallic wear-resistant materials.
Liujie XU. He received his M.S. degree from Henan University of Science and Technology in 2004, and got his Ph.D. degree from Xi’an Jiaotong University in 2007, and then joined the faculty of Henan University of Science and Technology. He is a distinguished professor in colleges and universities of Henan Province. He is a national candidate for the “Millions of Talents Project” and an expert on Special Government Allowances of the State Council. He was awarded the National Science and Technology Progress Award of China (2013). Prof. Xu has been engaged in the research of new wear-resistant materials, the basic theory of materials wear, and the micro behavior of wear. He has published 152 papers and been invited as a keynote speaker for 8 times on the international conferences.
Shizhong WEI. He received his doctoral degree from Xi’an Jiaotong University in 2005. He is a state council expert for special allowance, a national candidate for the “Millions of Talent Projects”, an expert of middle-aged and young with state outstanding contributions, a winner of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation Award. He won the National Science and Technology Progress Award of China (2013, 2016), the first prize of China Machinery Industry Science and Technology Progress Award, the first prize of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Science and Technology Progress Award, and the first prize of Henan Province Science and Technology Progress Award. He is also the special chief expert for “the 13th Five-Year Plan” national key research and development program, the leader of “Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University” innovation team and the winner of State Industry, Science and Research Cooperation Innovation Award. Prof. Shizhong Wei has long-term been engaged in the research of “metallurgical molding process control technology”. He has published 356 papers, been granted 65 patents for inventions, and published 5 monographs (till Jan. 1 2021). He has been invited as a keynote or plenary speaker for 21 times on the international conferences.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, F., Xu, L., Wei, S. et al. Preparation and wear properties of high-vanadium alloy composite layer. Friction 10, 1166–1179 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0515-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0515-3