Abstract
Nano-magnetic ferrites with composition Mg1−xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7) have been prepared by coprecipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the lattice parameter was found to increase from 8.402 to 8.424 Å with Zn2+ ion content from 0.3 to 0.7. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed two prominent peaks corresponding to tetrahedral and octahedral at around 560 and 430 cm−1 respectively that confirmed the spinel phase of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the particle size was noted to increase from 18 to 24 nm with an increase in Zn content from x = 0.3 to 0.7. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) which ascertained the superparamagnetic behavior of the samples and contribution of superexchange interactions. The maximum magnetization was found to vary from 23.80 to 32.78 emu/g that increased till x = 0.5 and decreased thereafter. Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to investigate the chemical composition and substantiate their oxidation states.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Singh SB, Srinivas C, Tirupanyam BV, et al. Structural, thermal and magnetic studies of MgxZn1−xFe2O4 nanoferrites: Study of exchange interactions on magnetic anisotropy. Ceram Int 2016, 42: 19179–19186.
Srinivas C, Tirupanyam BV, Meena SS, et al. Structural and magnetic characterization of co-precipitated NixZn1−xFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles. J Magn Magn Mater 2016, 407: 135–141.
Rahman S, Nadeem K, Anis-Ur-rehman M, et al. Structural and magnetic properties of ZnMg-ferrite nanoparticles prepared using the co-precipitation method. Ceram Int 2013, 39: 5235–5239.
Ghatak S, Sinha M, Meikap AK, et al. Electrical transport behavior of nonstoichiometric magnesium-zinc ferrite. Mater Res Bull 2010, 45: 954–960.
Niaz Akhtar M, Yahya N, Sattar A, et al. Investigations of structural and magnetic properties of nanostructured Ni0.5+xZn0.5−xFe2O4 Magnetic feeders for CSEM application. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 2015, 12: 625–637.
Chahal S, Gaba S, Kumar A, et al. Effect of Mg2+ substitution on structural and magnetic properties of nano zinc ferrite. AIP Conf Proc 2018, 2006: 030014.
Shultz MD, Calvin S, Fatouros PP, et al. Enhanced ferrite nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents. J Magn Magn Mater 2007, 311: 464–468.
Šepelák V, Bergmann I, Menzel D, et al. Magnetization enhancement in nanosized MgFe2O4 prepared by mechanosynthesis. J Magn Magn Mater 2007, 316: e764–e767.
Ghosh R, Pradhan L, Devi YP, et al. Induction heating studies of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles capped with oleic acid and polyethylene glycol for hyperthermia. J Mater Chem 2011, 21: 13388.
Jadhav NV, Prasad AI, Kumar A, et al. Synthesis of oleic acid functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and studying their interaction with tumor cells for potential hyperthermia applications. Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2013, 108: 158–168.
Masina P, Moyo T, Abdallah HMI. Synthesis, structural and magnetic properties of ZnxMg1−xFe2O4 nanoferrites. J Magn Magn Mater 2015, 381: 41–49.
Liu HY, Li AM, Ding XX, et al. Magnetic induction heating properties of Mg1−xZnxFe2O4 ferrites synthesized by co-precipitation method. Solid State Sci 2019, 93: 101–108.
Reyes-Rodríguez PY, Cortés-Hernández DA, Escobedo-Bocardo JC, et al. Structural and magnetic properties of Mg-Zn ferrites (Mg1−xZnxFe2O4) prepared by sol-gel method. J Magn Magn Mater 2017, 427: 268–271.
Kassabova-Zhetcheva V, Pavlova L, Samuneva B, et al. Characterization of superparamagnetic MgxZn1−xFe2O4 powders. Open Chem 2007, 5: 107–117.
Khot SS, Shinde NS, Ladgaonkar BP, et al. Magnetic and structural properties of magnesium zinc ferrites synthesized at different temperature. Adv Appl Sci Res 2011, 2: 460–471.
Rahman S, Nadeem K, Anis-Ur-rehman M, et al. Structural and magnetic properties of ZnMg-ferrite nanoparticles prepared using the co-precipitation method. Ceram Int 2013, 39: 5235–5239.
Choodamani C, Nagabhushana GP, Ashoka S, et al. Structural and magnetic studies of Mg(1−x)ZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by a solution combustion method. J Alloys Compd 2013, 578: 103–109.
Phor L, Kumar V. Self-cooling by ferrofluid in magnetic field. SN Appl Sci 2019, 1: 1696.
Mohammed KA, Al-Rawas AD, Gismelseed AM, et al. Infrared and structural studies of Mg1−xZnxFe2O4 ferrites. Physica B 2012, 407: 795–804.
Kumari N, Kumar V, Singh SK. Effect of Cr3+ substitution on properties of nano-ZnFe2O4. J Alloys Compd 2015, 622: 628–634.
Gul IH, Abbasi AZ, Amin F, et al. Structural, magnetic and electrical properties of Co1−xZnxFe2O4 synthesized by co-precipitation method. J Magn Magn Mater 2007, 311: 494–499.
Globus A, Pascard H, Cagan V. Distance between magnetic ions and fundamental properties in ferrites. J Phys Colloques 1977, 38: C1-163–C1-168.
Mazen SA, Abdallah MH, Sabrah BA, et al. The effect of titanium on some physical properties of CuFe2O4. Phys Stat Sol (a) 1992, 134: 263–271.
Zaki HM, Al-Heniti SH, Elmosalami TA. Structural, magnetic and dielectric studies of copper substituted nano-crystalline spinel magnesium zinc ferrite. J Alloys Compd 2015, 633: 104–114.
Thakur P, Sharma R, Kumar M, et al. Superparamagnetic La doped Mn-Zn nano ferrites: Dependence on dopant content and crystallite size. Mater Res Express 2016, 3: 075001.
Levine BF. D-electron effects on bond susceptibilities and ionicities. Phys Rev B 1973, 7: 2591.
Phor L, Kumar V. Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of lanthanum substituted Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. Ceram Int 2019, 45: 22972–22980.
Lakhani VK, Pathak TK, Vasoya NH, et al. Structural parameters and X-ray Debye temperature determination study on copper-ferrite-aluminates. Solid State Sci 2011, 13: 539–547.
Phor L, Kumar V. Structural, thermomagnetic, and dielectric properties of Mn0.5Zn0.5GdxFe2−xO4 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.1). J Adv Ceram 2020, 9: 243–254.
Waldron RD. Infrared spectra of ferrites. Phys Rev 1955, 99: 1727.
Chhantbar, MC, Trivedi UN, Tanna PV, et al. Infrared spectral studies of Zn-substituted CuFeCrO4 spinel ferrite system. Indian J Phys 2004, 78A: 321–326.
Zaki HM, Dawoud HA. Far-infrared spectra for copper-zinc mixed ferrites. Phys B: Condens Matter 2010, 405: 4476–4479.
Modi KB, Trivedi UN, Sharma PU, et al. Study of elastic properties of fine particle-copper zinc ferrites through infrared spectroscopy. Indian J Pure Ap Phy 2006, 44: 165–168.
Chahal S, Rani N, Kumar A, et al. UV-irradiated photocatalytic performance of yttrium doped ceria for hazardous Rose Bengal dye. Appl Surf Sci 2019, 493: 87–93.
Priyadharsini P, Pradeep A, Rao PS, et al. Structural, spectroscopic and magnetic study of nanocrystalline Ni-Zn ferrites. Mater Chem Phys 2009, 116: 207–213.
Phor L, Kumar V. Self-cooling device based on thermomagnetic effect of MnxZn1−xFe2O4 (x= 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7)/ferrofluid. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 2019, 30: 9322–9333.
Tholkappiyan R, Vishista K. Combustion synthesis of Mg-Er ferrite nanoparticles: Cation distribution and structural, optical, and magnetic properties. Mater Sci Semicond Process 2015, 40: 631–642.
Kumari N, Kumar V, Khasa S, et al. Chemical synthesis and magnetic investigations on Cr3+ substituted Zn-ferrite superparamagnetic nano-particles. Ceram Int 2015, 41: 1907–1911.
Mazen SA, Mansour SF, Zaki HM. Some physical and magnetic properties of Mg-Zn ferrite. Cryst Res Technol 2003, 38: 471–478.
Shinde TJ, Gadkari AB, Vasambekar PN. Magnetic properties and cation distribution study of nanocrystalline Ni-Zn ferrites. J Magn Magn Mater 2013, 333: 152–155.
Stoner EC, Wohlfarth EP. A mechanism of magnetic hystersis in hetrogeneous alloys. Philos T R Soc A 240, 1948, 240: 599–642.
Bammannavar BK, Nair LR, Pujar RB, Chougule BK. Preparation, characterization and physical properties of Mg-Zn ferrites. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 2007, 14: 381–385.
Kumar V, Rana A, Yadav MS, et al. Size-induced effect on nano-crystalline CoFe2O4. J Magn Magn Mater 2008, 320: 1729–1734.
Thota S, Kashyap SC, Sharma SK, et al. Micro Raman, Mossbauer and magnetic studies of manganese substituted zinc ferrite nanoparticles: Role of Mn. J Phys Chem Solids 2016, 91: 136–144.
Montiel H, Alvarez G, Gutiérrez M, et al. Microwave absorption in Ni-Zn ferrites through the Curie transition. J Alloys Compd 2004, 369: 141–143.
Chu P, Mills DL, Arias R. Exchange/dipole collective spin-wave modes of ferromagnetic nanosphere arrays. Phys Rev B 2006, 73: 094405.
Schlömann E. Ferromagnetic resonance in polycrystalline ferrites with large anisotropy—I. J Phys Chem Solids 1958, 6: 257–266.
Schlömann E, Zeender JR. Ferromagnetic resonance in polycrystalline nickel ferrite aluminate. J Appl Phys 1958, 29: 341–343.
Srivastava C, Patni M. Ferromagnetic relaxation processes in polycrystalline magnetic insulators. J Magn Reson 1969 1974, 15: 359–366.
Yamashita T, Hayes P. Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in oxide materials. Appl Surf Sci 2008, 254: 2441–2449.
Yan ZK, Gao JM, Li Y, et al. Hydrothermal synthesis and structure evolution of metal-doped magnesium ferrite from saprolite laterite. RSC Adv 2015, 5: 92778–92787.
Liu J, Zeng M, Yu RH. Surfactant-free synthesis of octahedral ZnO/ZnFe2O4 heterostructure with ultrahigh and selective adsorption capacity of malachite green. Sci Rep 2016, 6: 25074.
Guijarro N, Bornoz P, Prévot M, et al. Evaluating spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Cu, Mg, Zn) as photoanodes for solar water oxidation: Prospects and limitations. Sustainable Energy Fuels 2018, 2: 103–117.
Dom R, Chary AS, Subasri R, et al. Solar hydrogen generation from spinel ZnFe2O4 photocatalyst: Effect of synthesis methods. Int J Energy Res 2015, 39: 1378–1390.
Acknowledgements
We are thankful to Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology for providing a vibrating sample magnetometer facility.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Phor, L., Chahal, S. & Kumar, V. Zn2+ substituted superparamagnetic MgFe2O4 spinel-ferrites: Investigations on structural and spin-interactions. J Adv Ceram 9, 576–587 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0396-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0396-3