Abstract
Thin films of polycrystalline lead sulfide (PbS) have been deposited on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition at 20 ± 1 °C in alkaline solutions. Aqueous solutions of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), potassium hydroxide (NaOH), thiourea (CS(NH2)2) and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) were used together for the first time to obtain thin films of PbS. The chemical kinetics was investigated according to the amounts of Pb2+ concentrations measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy during the precipitation of PbS. It was found that sodium thiosulfate had an inhibitor effect for alkaline solutions. The structures of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer and showed that all the films had a galena-type cubic structure. The morphological characteristics of the PbS thin films were studied by scanning electron microscope and revealed that when the Na2S2O3 compound was used, the shape of the nanoparticles changed from the polymorphic form to the pyramidal form and pinhole-free PbS thin films could be produced.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Hussain A., Begum A., Rahman A.: Electrical and optical properties of nanocrystalline lead sulphide thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition. Indian J. Phys. 86, 697–701 (2012)
Obaid A.S., Mahdi M.A., Hassan Z., Bououdina M.: Characterization of nanocrystalline PbS thin films prepared using microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 15, 564–571 (2012)
Rempel A.A., Kozhevnikovab N.S., Leenaers A.J.G., Vanden Berghe S.: Towards particle size regulation of chemically deposited lead sulfide (PbS). J. Cryst. Growth 280, 300–3008 (2005)
Tohidi T., Jamshidi-Ghaleh K., Namdar A., Abdi-Ghaleh R.: Comparative studies on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of nanocrystalline PbS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition using two different bath compositions. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 25, 197–206 (2014)
Guo R.F., Liang Y., Gao X.Y., Zhu H.J., Zhang S., Liu H.T.: Microstructure and near infrared absorption of PbS films deposited by chemical bath deposition on p-Type Si(100) wafers. Braz. J. Phys. 44, 697–702 (2014)
Zaman S., Mehmood S.K., Mansoor M., Asim M.M.: Effect of lead ion concentration on the structural and optical properties of nano-crystalline PbS thin films. Mater. Sci. Eng. 60, 012057 (2014)
Khot K.V., Mali S.S., Pawar N.B., Mane R.M., Kondalkar V.V., Ghanwat V.B., Patil P.S., Hong C.K., Kim J.H., Heo J., Bhosale P.N.: Novel synthesis of interconnected nanocubic PbS thin films by facile aqueous chemical route. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 25, 3762–3770 (2014)
Carrillo-Castillo A., Aguirre-Tostado F.S., Salasvillasenor A., Mejia I., Egnade B., Sotelo-Lerma M., Quevedo-Lopez M.A.: Effect of chemical bath deposition parameters on the growth of PbS thin films for TFTs applications. Chalcogenide Lett. 10, 105–111 (2013)
Obaid A.S., Mahdi M.A., Hassan Z., Bououdina M.: PbS nanocrystal solar cells fabricated using microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 38, 807–815 (2013)
Raniero L., Ferreira C.L., Cruz L.R., Pinto A.L., Alves R.M.P.: Photoconductivity activation in PbS thin films grown at room temperature by chemical bath deposition. Phys. B 405, 1283–1286 (2010)
Hussain A., Begum A., Rahman A.: Characterization of nanocrystalline lead sulphide thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition technique. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 38, 169–174 (2013)
Saravana Kumaran T., Parveen Banu S.: Investigation on structural and optical properties of chemically deposited PbS thin films. Int. J. Recent Sci. Res. 4, 1685–1687 (2013)
Soonmin H., Kassim A., Weetee T.: The role of bath temperature in aqueous acidic chemically PbS films. J. Basic Appl. Sci. Res. 3(11), 353–357 (2013)
Soonmin H., Kassim A., Weetee T.: Chemical bath deposited lead sulphide thin films: preparation and characterization . World Mech. 1, 1–6 (2014)
Gadave K.M., Jodgudri S.A., Lokhande C.D.: Chemical deposition of PbS from an acidic bath. Thin Solid Films 245, 7–9 (1994)
Ayata S., Yıldıran H.: A novel technique for silver extraction from silver sulphide ore. Turk. J. Chem. 25, 187–191 (2001)
Altıokka B., Baykul M.C., Altıokka M.R.: Some physical effects of reaction rate on PbS thin films obtained by chemical bath deposition. J. Cryst. Growth 384, 50–54 (2013)
Lisco F., Abbas A., Maniscalco B., Kaminski P.M., Losurdo M., Bass K., Claudio G., Walls J.M.: Pinhole free thin film CdS deposited by chemical bath using a substrate reactive plasma treatment. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 6, 011202 (2014)
Osherov A., Golan Y.: Chemical solution deposited PbS thin films on Si(100). Phys. Status Solidi C Curr. Top. Solid State Phys. 11, 3431–3436 (2008)
Belova N.S., Uritskaya A.A., Kitaev G.A.: Kinetics of lead sulfide precipitation from citrate solutions of thiourea. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 75, 1562–1565 (2002)
Choudhury N., Sarma B.K.: Structural characterization of lead sulfide thin films by means of X-ray line profile analysis. Bull. Mater. Sci. 32, 43–47 (2009)
Narayanan K.L., Viljayakumar K.P., Nair K.G.M., Rao G.V.N.: Chemical bath deposition of CdS thin films and their partial conversion to CdO on annealing. Bull. Mater. Sci. 20, 287–295 (1997)
Oliva A.I., Corona J.E., Patino R., Oliva-Aviles A.I.: Chemical bath deposition of CdS thin films doped with Zn and Cu. Bull. Mater. Sci. 37, 247–255 (2014)
Mochahari P.K., Sarma K.C.: X-ray diffraction line profile analysis of polyvinyl alcohol capped cadmium sulphide nanostructured films. Indian J. Phys. 88, 1265–1270 (2014)
Bruno Chandrasekar L., Vijayalakshmi R., Rajeswari B., Chandramohan R., Arivazhagan G., Arulmozhi Packiaseeli S.: Preparation and characterization of silver selenide thin film. Braz. J. Phys. 44, 653–657 (2014)
Qian N., Zhang L., Ma W., Zhao X., Han L., Lu W.: Core–shell Al2O3-supported Ni for high-performance catalytic reforming of toluene as a model compound of tar. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39, 6671–6678 (2014)
Begum A., Hussain A., Rahman A.: Structural and optical studies of bismuth sulphide nanocrystalline thin films prepared from acidic aqueous bath. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 38, 163–168 (2013)
Ali M., Basu P., Liwa M., Fadhel M.I., Souiyah M., Ziend B.A.: Comparison between the properties of Al–TiC and Al–(TiC + Fe3C + Fe2Ti + Fe) composites. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 38, 2785–2791 (2013)
Lebid M., Omari M.: Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LaFeO3 oxides prepared via sol–gel method. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39, 147–152 (2014)
Bedir M., Korkmaz M., Korkmaz D., Y.: Influence of preparation conditions on the dispersion parameters of sprayed In2S3 films. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39, 503–509 (2014)
Nalbant A., Okur I., Okur I.: The structural properties of ZnO thin films produced in different molarities by spin coating method. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 38, 1909–1915 (2013)
Navale S.T., Bandgar D.K., Chougule M.A., Patil V.B.: Facile method of preparation of PbS films for NO2 detection. R. Soc. Chem. 5, 6518–6527 (2015)
Fan L., Wang P., Guo Q., Han H., Li M., Chen Z., Zhao H., Zhang D., Zheng Z., Yung J.: Ultrasound-modulated microstructure of PbS film in ammonia-free chemical bath deposition. R. Soc. Chem. 5, 10018–10025 (2015)
Chen Y., Zhang X., Tao Q., Fu W., Yang H., Su S., Mu Y., Zhou L., Li M.: High catalytic activity of a PbS counter electrode prepared via chemical bath deposition for quantum dots-sensitized solar cells. R. Soc. Chem. 5, 1835–1840 (2015)
Carrillo-Castillo A., Ambrosio Lázaro R.C., Jimenez-Pérez A., Martínez Pérez C.A., de la Cruz Terrazas E.C., Quevedo-López M.A.: Role of complexing agents in chemical bath deposition of lead sulfide thin films. Mater. Lett. Chem. 121, 19–21 (2014)
Touati B., Gassoumi A., Alfaify S., Kamoun-Turki N.: Optical, morphological and electrical studies of Zn:PbS thin films. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 34, 82–87 (2015)
Yang J., Walker A.V.: Morphological control of PbS grown on functionalized self-assembled monolayers by chemical bath deposition. Langmuir 30, 6954–6962 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Altıokka, B. Effects of Inhibitor on PbS Thin Films Obtained by Chemical Bath Deposition. Arab J Sci Eng 40, 2085–2093 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1680-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1680-3