Abstract
The objective of the present study is to systematically elucidate the time-dependent rheological behavior of concentrated xanthan gum systems in complicated step-shear flow fields. Using a strain-controlled rheometer (ARES), step-shear flow behaviors of a concentrated xanthan gum model solution have been experimentally investigated in interrupted shear flow fields with a various combination of different shear rates, shearing times and rest times, and step-incremental and step-reductional shear flow fields with various shearing times. The main findings obtained from this study are summarized as follows. (i) In interrupted shear flow fields, the shear stress is sharply increased until reaching the maximum stress at an initial stage of shearing times, and then a stress decay towards a steady state is observed as the shearing time is increased in both start-up shear flow fields. The shear stress is suddenly decreased immediately after the imposed shear rate is stopped, and then slowly decayed during the period of a rest time. (ii) As an increase in rest time, the difference in the maximum stress values between the two start-up shear flow fields is decreased whereas the shearing time exerts a slight influence on this behavior. (iii) In step-incremental shear flow fields, after passing through the maximum stress, structural destruction causes a stress decay behavior towards a steady state as an increase in shearing time in each step shear flow region. The time needed to reach the maximum stress value is shortened as an increase in step-increased shear rate. (iv) In step-reductional shear flow fields, after passing through the minimum stress, structural recovery induces a stress growth behavior towards an equilibrium state as an increase in shearing time in each step shear flow region. The time needed to reach the minimum stress value is lengthened as a decrease in step-decreased shear rate.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Ahmed, J. and H.S. Ramaswamy, 2004, Effect of high-hydrostatic pressure and concentration on rheological characteristics of xanthan gum, Food Hydrocolloids 18, 367–373.
Bae, J.W., J.S. Lee, and K.W. Song, 2013, Stress growth behavior of aqueous poly (ethylene oxide) solutions at start-up of steady shear flow, Text. Sci. Eng. 50, 292–307.
Barnes, H.A., 1997, Thixotropy-a review, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. 70, 1–33.
BeMiller, J.N. and K.C. Huber, 2008, Food Chemistry-Carbohydrates, S. Damodaran, K.L. Parkin, and O.R. Fennema Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 83–154.
Born, K., V. Langendorff, and P. Boulenguer, 2001, Biopolymers, Vol. 5, Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Boukany, P.E., S.Q. Wang, and X. Wang, 2009, Universal scaling behavior in startup shear of entangled linear polymer melts, J. Rheol. 53, 617–629.
Camesano, T.A. and K.J. Wilkinson, 2001, Single molecule study of xanthan conformation using atomic force microscopy, Biomacromolecules 2, 1184–1191.
Carmona, J.A., P. Ramirez, N. Calero, and J. Munoz, 2014, Large amplitude oscillatory shear of xanthan gum solutions: effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration, J. Food Eng. 126, 165–172.
Casas, J.A., V.E. Santos, and F. Garcia-Ochoa, 2000, Xanthan gum production under several operational conditions: molecular structure and rheological properties, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 26, 282–291.
Chang, G.S., J.S. Koo, and K.W. Song, 2003, Wall slip of vaseline in steady shear rheometry, Korea-Aust. Rheol. J. 15, 55–61.
Choppe, E., F. Puaud, T. Nicolai, and L. Benyahia, 2010, Rheology of xanthan solutions as a function of temperature, concentration and ionic strength, Carbohydr. Polym. 82, 1228–1235.
Chun, M.-S., C. Kim, and D.E. Lee, 2009, Conformation and translational diffusion of a xanthan polyelectrolyte chain: Brownian dynamics simulation and single molecule tracking, Phys. Rev. E. 79, 051919.
Chun, M.-S. and M.J. Ko, 2012, Rheological correlations of relaxation time for finite concentrated semiflexible polyelectrolytes in solvents, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 61, 1108–1113.
Chun, M.-S. and O.O. Park, 1994, On the intrinsic viscosity of anionic and nonionic rodlike polysaccharide solutions, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 195, 701–711.
Garcia-Ochoa, F. and E. Gomez, 1998, Mass transfer coefficient in stirred tank reactors for xanthan gum solutions, Biochem. Eng. J. 1, 1–10.
Garcia-Ochoa, F., V.E. Santos, and A. Alcon, 1997, Xanthan gum production in a laboratory aerated stirred tank bioreactor, Chem. Biochem. Eng. Quart. 11, 69–74.
Garcia-Ochoa, F., V.E. Santos, J.A. Casas, and E. Gomez, 2000, Xanthan gum: production, recovery, and properties, Biotechnol. Adv. 18, 549–579.
Giboreau, A., G. Cuvelier, and B. Launay, 1994, Rheological behavior of three biopolymer/water systems with emphasis on yield stress and viscoelastic properties, J. Texture Stud. 25, 119–137.
Holzwarth, G. and E.B. Prestridge, 1977, Multistranded helix in xanthan polysaccharide, Science 197, 757–759.
Huang, J., B. Yan, A. Faghihnejad, H. Xu, and H. Zeng, 2014, Understanding nanorheology and surface forces of confined thin films, Korea-Aust. Rheol. J. 26, 3–14.
Jang, H.Y., K. Zhang, B.H. Chon, and H.J. Choi, 2015, Enhanced oil recovery performance and viscosity characteristics of polysaccharide xanthan gum solution, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 21, 741–745.
Kang, K.S. and D.J. Pettit, 1993, Industrial Gums, R.L. Whistler and J.N. Be Miller Eds., 3rd ed., Academic Press, New York, pp. 341–398.
Katzbauer, B., 1998, Properties and applications of xanthan gum, Polym. Degrad. Stability 59, 81–84.
Krishnan, K., W.R. Burghardt, T.P. Lodge, and F.S. Bates, 2002, Transient rheology of a polymeric bicontinuous microemulsion, Langmuir 18, 9676–9686.
Lapasin, R. and S. Pricl, 1999, Rheology of Industrial Polysaccharides: Theory and Applications, Aspen Publishers, Gaithersburg, MD.
Lee, J.S., Y.S. Kim, and K.W. Song, 2015, Transient rheological behavior of natural polysaccharide xanthan gum solutions in start-up shear flow fields: an experimental study using a straincontrolled rheometer, Korea-Aust. Rheol. J. 27, 227–239.
Letwimolnun, W., B. Vergnes, G. Ausias, and P.J. Carreau, 2007, Stress overshoots of organoclay nanocomposites in transient shear flow, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. 141, 167–179.
Lim, T., J.T. Uhl, and R.K. Prudhomme, 1984, Rheology of selfassociating concentrated xanthan solutions, J. Rheol. 28, 367–379.
Ma, L. and G.V. Barbosa-Canovas, 1997, Viscoelastic properties of xanthan gels interacting with cations, J. Food Sci. 62, 1124–1128.
Mahaut, F., X. Chateau, P. Coussot, and G. Ovarlez, 2008, Yield stress and elastic modulus of suspensions of noncolloidal particles in yield stress fluids, J. Rheol. 52, 287–313.
Marcotte, M., A.R. Taherian-Hoshahili, and H.S. Ramaswamy, 2001, Rheological properties of selected hydrocolloids as a function of concentration and temperature, Food Res. Int. 34, 695–703.
Milas, M., M. Rinaudo, M. Knipper, and J. L. Schuppiser, 1990, Flow and viscoelastic properties of xanthan gum solutions, Macromolecules 23, 2506–2511.
Ogawa, K. and T. Yui, 1998, Polysaccharides: Structural Diversity and Functional Versatility-X–ray Diffraction Study of Polysaccharides, S. Dumitriu Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, pp.101–130.
Pal, R., 1995, Oscillatory, creep and steady flow behavior of xanthan-thickened oil-in-water emulsions, AIChE J. 41, 783–794.
Palaniraj, A. and V. Jayaraman, 2011, Production, recovery and applications of xanthan gum by xanthomonas campestris, J. Food. Eng. 106, 1–12.
Pelletier, E., C. Viebke, J. Meadows, and P.A. Williams, 2001, A rheological study of the order-disorder conformational transition of xanthan gum, Biopolymers 59, 339–346.
Richardson, R.K. and S.B. Ross-Murphy, 1987, Nonlinear viscoelasticity of polysaccharide solutions: 2. Xanthan polysaccharide solutions, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 9, 257–264.
Rochefort, W.E. and S. Middleman, 1987, Rheology of xanthan gum: salt, temperature, and strain effects in oscillatory and steady shear experiments, J. Rheol. 31, 337–369.
Rodd, A.B., J.J. Cooper-White, D.E. Dunstan, and D.V. Boger, 2001, Gel point studies for chemically-modified biopolymer networks using small amplitude oscillatory rheometry, Polymer 42, 185–198.
Ross-Murphy, S.B., 1995, Structure-property relationships in food biopolymer gels and solutions, J. Rheol. 39, 1451–1463.
Ross-Murphy, S.B. and K.P. Shatwell, 1993, Polysaccharide strong and weak gels, Biorheology 30, 217–227.
Santore, M.M. and R.K. Prudhomme, 1990, Rheology of a xanthan broth at low stresses and strains, Carbohydr. Polym. 12, 329–335.
Schott, H., 1985, Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences-Colloidal Dispersions, A.R. Gennaro and G.D. Chase Eds, Mack, Philadelphia, pp. 286–289.
Song, K.W., Y.S. Kim, and G.S. Chang, 2006a, Rheology of concentrated xanthan gum solutions: steady shear flow behavior, Fiber. Polym. 7, 129–138.
Song, K.W., H.Y. Kuk, and G.S. Chang, 2006b, Rheology of concentrated xanthan gum solutions: oscillatory shear flow behavior, Korea-Aust. Rheol. J. 18, 67–81.
Stokke, B.T., B.E. Christensen, and O. Smidsrod, 1998, Polysaccharides: Structural Diversity and Functional Versatility-Macromolecular Properties of Xanthan, S. Dumitriu Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 433–472.
Tam, K.C. and C. Tiu, 1989, Steady and dynamic shear properties of aqueous polymer solutions, J. Rheol. 33, 257–280.
Urlacher, B. and O. Noble, 1997, Thickening and Gelling Agents for Food-Xanthan, A. Imeson Ed., Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 284–311.
Whitcomb, P.J. and C.W. Macosko, 1978, Rheology of xanthan gum, J. Rheol. 22, 493–505.
Wyatt, N.B. and M.W. Liberatore, 2009, Rheology and viscosity scaling of the polyelectrolyte xanthan gum, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 114, 4076–4084.
Xu, L., G. Xu, T. Liu, Y. Chen, and H. Gong, 2013, The comparison of rheological properties of aqueous welan gum and xanthan gum solutions, Carbohydr. Polym. 92, 516–522.
Zirnsak, M.A., D.V. Boger, and V. Tirtaatmadja, 1999, Steady shear and dynamic rheological properties of xanthan gum solutions in viscous solvents, J. Rheol. 43, 627–650.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, JS., Song, KW. Time-dependent rheological behavior of natural polysaccharide xanthan gum solutions in interrupted shear and step-incremental/reductional shear flow fields. Korea-Aust. Rheol. J. 27, 297–307 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13367-015-0029-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13367-015-0029-5