Abstract
The possible wave resonance in the narrow gap formed by the parallel arrangement of ships will lead to the sharp increase of wave loads and the rapid growth of motion response. The fluid resonance inside a narrow gap between two side-by-side boxes is investigated numerically based on an open-source CFD package, OpenFOAM. The upstream box remains fixed, while the downstream box is allowed to heave freely under wave actions. This work aims to examine the influence of the motion of the downstream box on the fluid resonant behaviors inside the gap. The hydrodynamic behaviors considered include the wave height inside the gap, the heave displacement, and the reflection, transmission, and energy loss coefficients. Gao et al. (2021) reported the influence of the motion of the upstream box on gap resonant behaviors. For comparative study, some results of Gao et al. (2021) are also presented in this work. It is found that the heave motion of any box in the two-box system leads to a smaller resonant wave height amplification and a larger fluid resonance frequency. The frequency at which the maximum heave displacement of the downstream box occurs is less than the fluid resonant frequency. The heave motion of any box in the two-box system results in a larger reflection coefficient and a smaller energy loss coefficient.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bruinsma, N., Paulsen, B.T. and Jacobsen, N.G., 2018. Validation and application of a fully nonlinear numerical wave tank for simulating floating offshore wind turbines, Ocean Engineering, 147, 647–658.
Chen, X.B., 2004. Hydrodynamics in offshore and naval applications-part 1. Keynote lecture, The 6th International Conference on Hydrodynamics, Perth, Australia.
Chen, X.B., Duan, W.Y. and Liu, H.X., 2011. Dissipation effect in potential flows of fairly perfect fluid, Proceedings of 26th International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies, Greece, 17–20.
Faltinsen, O.M., Rognebakke, O.F. and Timokha, A.N., 2007. Two-dimensional resonant piston-like sloshing in a moonpool, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 575, 359–397.
Feng, X. and Bai, W., 2015. Wave resonances in a narrow gap between two barges using fully nonlinear numerical simulation, Applied Ocean Research, 50, 119–129.
Feng, X., Bai, W., Chen, X.B., Qian, L. and Ma, Z.H., 2017. Numerical investigation of viscous effects on the gap resonance between side-by-side barges, Ocean Engineering, 145, 44–58.
Feng, X., Chen, X.B. and Dias, F., 2018. A potential flow model with viscous dissipation based on a modified boundary element method, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 97, 1–15.
Gao, J.L., Chen, H.Z., Zang, J., Chen, L.F., Wang, G. and Zhu, Y.Z., 2020a. Numerical investigations of gap resonance excited by focused transient wave groups, Ocean Engineering, 212, 107628.
Gao, J.L., He, Z.W., Huang, X.H., Liu, Q., Zang, J. and Wang, G., 2021. Effects of free heave motion on wave resonance inside a narrow gap between two boxes under wave actions, Ocean Engineering, 224, 108753.
Gao, J.L., He, Z.W., Zang, J., Chen, Q., Ding, H.Y. and Wang, G., 2019a. Topographic effects on wave resonance in the narrow gap between fixed box and vertical wall, Ocean Engineering, 180, 97–107.
Gao, J.L., He, Z.W., Zang, J., Chen, Q., Ding, H.Y. and Wang, G., 2020b. Numerical investigations of wave loads on fixed box in front of vertical wall with a narrow gap under wave actions, Ocean Engineering, 206, 107323.
Gao, J.L., Zang, J., Chen, L.F., Chen, Q., Ding, H.Y. and Liu, Y.Y., 2019b. On hydrodynamic characteristics of gap resonance between two fixed bodies in close proximity, Ocean Engineering, 173, 28–44.
He, Z.W., Gao, J.L., Chen, H.Z., Zang, J., Liu, Q. and Wang, G., 2021a. Harmonic analyses of hydrodynamic characteristics for gap resonance between fixed box and vertical wall, China Ocean Engineering, 35(5), 712–723.
He, Z.W., Gao, J.L., Zang, J., Chen, H.Z., Liu, Q. and Wang, G., 2021b. Effects of free heave motion on wave forces on two side-by-side boxes in close proximity under wave actions, China Ocean Engineering, 35(4), 490–503.
Hirt, C.W. and Nichols, B.D., 1981. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries, Journal of Computational Physics, 39(1), 201–225.
Iwata, H., Saitoh, T. and Miao, G.P., 2007. Fluid resonance in narrow gaps of very large floating structure composed of rectangular modules, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts, Nanjing, China, pp. 815–826.
Jasak, H., 1996. Error Analysis and Estimation for the Finite Volume Method with Applications to Fluid Flows, Ph.D. Thesis, Imperial College, London.
Jiang, S.C., Bai, W., Cong, P.W. and Yan, B., 2019a. Numerical investigation of wave forces on two side-by-side non-identical boxes in close proximity under wave actions, Marine Structures, 63, 16–44.
Jiang, S.C., Bai, W. and Tang, G.Q., 2018. Numerical simulation of wave resonance in the narrow gap between two non-identical boxes, Ocean Engineering, 156, 38–60.
Jiang, S.C., Sun, Z., Feng, A.H. and Zhang, G.Y., 2019b. On hydrodynamic behavior of fluid resonance in moonpool and its suppression by using various convex appendages, Ocean Engineering, 192, 106552.
Kristiansen, T. and Faltinsen, O.M., 2009. Studies on resonant water motion between a ship and a fixed terminal in shallow water, Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 131(2), 021102.
Li, S. and Teng, B., 2015. Numerical examination of wave-induced coupling roll motion and fluid resonance between twin floating barges in proximity, Procedia Engineering, 126, 242–246.
Li, Y.J., 2019. Fully nonlinear analysis of second-order gap resonance between two floating barges, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 106, 1–19.
Li, Y.J. and Zhang, C.W., 2016. Analysis of wave resonance in gap between two heaving barges, Ocean Engineering, 117, 210–220.
Lu, L., Cheng, L., Teng, B. and Sun, L., 2010. Numerical simulation and comparison of potential flow and viscous fluid models in near trapping of narrow gaps, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 22(1), 120–125.
Lu, L., Tan, L., Zhou, Z.B., Zhao, M. and Ikoma, T., 2020. Two-dimensional numerical study of gap resonance coupling with motions of floating body moored close to a bottom-mounted wall, Physics of Fluids, 32(9), 092101.
Lu, L., Teng, B., Cheng, L., Sun, L. and Chen, X.B., 2011a. Modelling of multi-bodies in close proximity under water waves—Fluid resonance in narrow gaps, Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy, 54(1), 16–25.
Lu, L., Teng, B., Sun, L. and Chen, B., 2011b. Modelling of multi-bodies in close proximity under water waves—Fluid forces on floating bodies, Ocean Engineering, 38(13), 1403–1416.
Molin, B., 2001. On the piston and sloshing modes in moonpools, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 430, 27–50.
Moradi, N., Zhou, T.M. and Cheng, L., 2015. Effect of inlet configuration on wave resonance in the narrow gap of two fixed bodies in close proximity, Ocean Engineering, 103, 88–102.
Moradi, N., Zhou, T.M. and Cheng, L., 2016. Two-dimensional numerical study on the effect of water depth on resonance behaviour of the fluid trapped between two side-by-side bodies, Applied Ocean Research, 58, 218–231.
Ning, D.Z., Zhu, Y., Zhang, C.W. and Zhao, M., 2018. Experimental and numerical study on wave response at the gap between two barges of different draughts, Applied Ocean Research, 77, 14–25.
Pauw, W.H., Huijsmans, R.H.M. and Voogt, A., 2007. Advances in the hydrodynamics of side-by-side moored vessels, Proceedings of the ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, ASME, San Diego, California, USA.
Perić, M. and Swan, C., 2015. An experimental study of the wave excitation in the gap between two closely spaced bodies, with implications for LNG offloading, Applied Ocean Research, 51, 320–330.
Saitoh, T., Miao, G.P. and Ishida, H., 2006. Theoretical analysis on appearance condition of fluid resonance in a narrow gap between two modules of very large floating structure, Proceedings of the 3rd Asia-Pacific Workshop on Marine Hydrodynamics, Shanghai, pp. 170–175.
Sun, L., Taylor, R.E. and Choo, Y.S., 2011. Responses of interconnected floating bodies, The IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural Engineering, 4(3), 143–156.
Sun, L., Taylor, R.E. and Taylor, P.H., 2015. Wave driven free surface motion in the gap between a tanker and an FLNG barge, Applied Ocean Research, 51, 331–349.
Tan, L., Cheng, L. and Ikoma, T., 2021. Damping of piston mode resonance between two fixed boxes, Physics of Fluids, 33(6), 062117.
Tan, L., Lu, L., Liu, Y., Sabodash, O.A. and Teng, B., 2014. Dissipative effects of resonant waves in confined space formed by floating box in front of vertical wall, Proceedings of the Eleventh (2014) Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium, The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Shanghai, China.
Tan, L., Lu, L., Tang, G.Q., Cheng, L. and Chen, X.B., 2019. A viscous damping model for piston mode resonance, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 871, 510–533.
Tan, L., Tang, G.Q., Zhou, Z.B., Cheng, L., Chen, X.B. and Lu, L., 2017. Theoretical and numerical investigations of wave resonance between two floating bodies in close proximity, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 29(5), 805–816.
Funding
This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51911530205 and 51809039), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20201455), the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Grant No. 20KJD170005) and the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Universities. The work is also partially supported by UK EPSRC (Grant No. EP/T026782/1), the Royal Academy of Engineering (Grant No. UK-CIAPP/73), and the Royal Society (Grant No. IEC\NSFC\181321)..
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
He, Zw., Gao, Jl., Shi, Hb. et al. Investigation on Effects of Vertical Degree of Freedom on Gap Resonance Between Two Side-by-Side Boxes Under Wave Actions. China Ocean Eng 36, 403–412 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-022-0036-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-022-0036-5