Abstract
Natural and human-induced changes may exert considerable impacts on the seasonal and nodal dynamics of M2 and K1 tidal constituents. Therefore, quantifying the influences of these factors on tidal regime changes is essential for sustainable water resources management in coastal environments. In this study, the enhanced harmonic analysis was applied to extract the seasonal variability of the M2 and K1 tidal amplitudes and phases at three gauging stations along Lingdingyang Bay of the Zhujiang River Delta. The seasonal dynamics in terms of tidal wave celerity and amplification/damping rate were used to quantify the impacts of human-induced estuarine morphological alterations on M2 and K1 tidal hydrodynamics in inner and outer Lingdingyang Bay. The results show that both tidal amplification/damping rate and wave celerity were considerably increased from the pre-anthropogenic activity period (Pre-AAP) to the post-anthropogenic activity period (Post-AAP) excepting the tidal amplification/damping rate in outer Lingdingyang Bay, and the variations in outer Lingdingyang Bay was larger than those in inner Lingdingyang Bay. The alterations in these two parameters were more significant in flood season than in dry season in both inner and outer Lingdingyang Bay. The seasonal variability of M2 and K1 tidal amplitudes were further quantified using a regression model accounting for the 18.61-year lunar nodal modulation, where this study observes a considerable alteration in M2 constituent owing to human interventions. During the Post-AAP, the M2 amplitudes at the downstream station were larger than those that would have occurred in the absence of strong human interventions, whereas the opposite was true for the upstream station, leading to a substantial decrease in tidal amplification in outer Lingdingyang Bay. However, it is opposite in inner Lingdingyang Bay. The underlying mechanism can be primarily attributed to channel deepening and narrowing caused by human interventions, that resulted in substantial enlargement of the bay volume and reduced the effective bottom friction, leading to faster wave celerity and stronger amplified waves.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Amin M. 1983. On perturbations of harmonic constants in the Thames Estuary. Geophysical Journal International, 73(3): 587–603, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1983.tb03334.x
Cai Huayang, Savenije H H G, Jiang Chenjuan, et al. 2016. Analytical approach for determining the mean water level profile in an estuary with substantial fresh water discharge. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20(3): 1177–1195, doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1177-2016
Cai Huayang, Savenije H H G, Yang Qingshu, et al. 2012. Influence of river discharge and dredging on tidal wave propagation: modaomen estuary case. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 138(10): 885–896, doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000594
Cai Huayang, Zhang Ping, Garel E, et al. 2020. A novel approach for the assessment of morphological evolution based on observed water levels in tide-dominated estuaries. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 24(4): 1871–1889, doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1871-2020
Caldwell P C, Merrifield M A, Thompson P R. 2015. Sea Level Measured by Tide Gauges from Global Oceans—the Joint Archive for Sea Level holdings (NCEI Accession 0019568), Version 5.5. Honolulu, HI, USA: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Dataset, doi: https://doi.org/10.7289/V5V40S7W
Chant R J, Sommerfield C K, Talke S A. 2018. Impact of channel deepening on tidal and gravitational circulation in a highly engineered estuarine basin. Estuaries and Coasts, 41(6): 1587–1600, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-018-0379-6
Chen Shuisen, Chen Liangfu, Liu Qinhuo, et al. 2005. Remote sensing and GIS-based integrated analysis of coastal changes and their environmental impacts in Lingding Bay, Pearl River Estuary, South China. Ocean & Coastal Management, 48(1): 65–83
Chen Xiaowen, Liu Xia, Zhang Wei. 2011. Shore reclamation in Pearl River esturay and its impact analysis. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences) (in Chinese), 39(1): 39–43
Corkan R H. 1934. An annual perturbation in the range of tide. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 144(853): 537–559, doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1934.0067
Devlin A T, Jay D A, Talke S A, et al. 2014. Can tidal perturbations associated with sea level variations in the western Pacific Ocean be used to understand future effects of tidal evolution?. Ocean Dynamics, 64(8): 1093–1120, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0741-6
Devlin A T, Jay D A, Talke S A, et al. 2017. Tidal variability related to sea level variability in the Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122(11): 8445–8463, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013165
Devlin A T, Zaron E D, Jay D A, et al. 2018. Seasonality of tides in southeast Asian waters. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 48(5): 1169–1190, doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-17-0119.1
Familkhalili R, Talke S A. 2016. The effect of channel deepening on tides and storm surge: a case study of Wilmington, NC. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(17): 9138–9147, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069494
Feng Xiangbo, Tsimplis M N, Woodworth P L. 2015. Nodal variations and long-term changes in the main tides on the coasts of China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(2): 1215–1232, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010312
Godin G. 1985. Modification of river tides by the discharge. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 111(2): 257–274, doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1985)111:2(257)
Godin G. 1999. The propagation of tides up rivers with special considerations on the upper Saint Lawrence river. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 48(3): 307–324, doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0422
Gräwe U, Burchard H, Müller M, et al. 2014. Seasonal variability in M2 and M4 tidal constituents and its implications for the coastal residual sediment transport. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(15): 5563–5570, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060517
Guo Leicheng, van der Wegen M, Jay D A, et al. 2015. River-tide dynamics: exploration of nonstationary and nonlinear tidal behavior in the Yangtze River estuary. Journal of Geophysical Research, 120(5): 3499–3521, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010491
Huess V, Andersen O B. 2001. Seasonal variation in the main tidal constituent from altimetry. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(4): 567–570, doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011921
Jin Guangzhen, Pan Haidong, Zhang Qilin, et al. 2018. Determination of harmonic parameters with temporal variations: an enhanced harmonic analysis algorithm and application to internal tidal currents in the South China Sea. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 35(7): 1375–1398, doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0239.1
Kang S K, Chung J Y, Lee S R, et al. 1995. Seasonal variability of the M2 tide in the seas adjacent to Korea. Continental Shelf Research, 15(9): 1087–1113, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(94)00066-V
Li Xuejie, Damen M C J. 2010. Coastline change detection with satellite remote sensing for environmental management of the Pearl River Estuary, China. Journal of Marine Systems, 82(S1): S54–S61, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.02.005
Liu Feng, Yuan Lirong, Yang Qingshu, et al. 2014. Hydrological responses to the combined influence of diverse human activities in the Pearl River delta, China. CATENA, 113: 41–55, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.09.003
Mao Qingwen, Shi Ping, Yin Kedong, et al. 2004. Tides and tidal currents in the Pearl River Estuary. Continental Shelf Research, 24(16): 1797–1808, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.06.008
Mei Xuefei, Dai Zhijun, Wei Wen, et al. 2018. Secular bathymetric variations of the North Channel in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary, China, 1880–2013: causes and effects. Geomorphology, 303: 30–40, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.11.014
Müller M. 2012. The influence of changing stratification conditions on barotropic tidal transport and its implications for seasonal and secular changes of tides. Continental Shelf Research, 47: 107–118, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2012.07.003
Müller M, Cherniawsky J Y, Foreman M G G, et al. 2014. Seasonal variation of the M2 tide. Ocean Dynamics, 64(2): 159–177, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-013-0679-0
Pan Haidong, Guo Zheng, Wang Yingying, et al. 2018a. Application of the EMD method to river tides. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 35(4): 809–819, doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0185.1
Pan Haidong, Lv Xianqing, Wang Yingying, et al. 2018b. Exploration of tidal-fluvial interaction in the Columbia River Estuary using S_TIDE. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123(9): 6598–6619, doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014146
Pan Haidong, Zheng Quanxin, Lv Xianqing. 2019. Temporal changes in the response of the nodal modulation of the M2 tide in the Gulf of Maine. Continental Shelf Research, 186: 13–20, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2019.07.007
Pawlowicz R, Beardsley B, Lentz S. 2002. Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T_TIDE. Computers & Geosciences, 28(8): 929–937, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0098-3004(02)00013-4
Pugh D, Woodworth P. 2014. Sea-level Science: Understanding Tides, Surges, Tsunamis and Mean Sea-Level Changes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 395
Ralston D K, Talke S, Geyer W R, et al. 2019. Bigger tides, less flooding: effects of dredging on barotropic dynamics in a highly modified estuary. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(1): 196–211, doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014313
Siles-Ajamil R, Díez-Minguito M, Losada M Á. 2019. Tide propagation and salinity distribution response to changes in water depth and channel network in the Guadalquivir River Estuary: an exploratory model approach. Ocean & Coastal Management, 174: 92–107, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.015
St-Laurent P, Saucier F J, Dumais J F. 2008. On the modification of tides in a seasonally ice-covered sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 113(C11): C11014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004614
Talke S A, Jay D A. 2020. Changing tides: the role of natural and anthropogenic factors. Annual Review of Marine Science, 12: 121–151, doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010727
Tan Chao, Huang Bensheng, Liu Feng, et al. 2016. Transformation of the three largest Chinese river deltas in response to the reduction of sediment discharges. Journal of Coastal Research, 32(6): 1402–1416, doi: https://doi.org/10.2112/jcoastres-d-15-00007.1
Tan Chao, Huang Bensheng, Liu Kunsong, et al. 2017. Using the wavelet transform to detect temporal variations in hydrological processes in the Pearl River, China. Quaternary International, 440: 52–63, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.02.043
Tazkia A R, Krien Y, Durand F, et al. 2017. Seasonal modulation of M2 tide in the Northern Bay of Bengal. Continental Shelf Research, 137: 154–162, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.12.008
Vellinga N E, Hoitink A J F, van der Vegt M, et al. 2014. Human impacts on tides overwhelm the effect of sea level rise on extreme water levels in the Rhine-Meuse Delta. Coastal Engineering, 90: 40–50, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.04.005
Wang Daosheng, Pan Haidong, Jin Guangzhen, et al. 2020a. Seasonal variation of the principal tidal constituents in the Bohai Sea. Ocean Science, 16(1): 1–14, doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1-2020
Wang Houjie, Saito Y, Zhang Yong, et al. 2011. Recent changes of sediment flux to the western Pacific Ocean from major rivers in East and Southeast Asia. Earth-Science Reviews, 108(1–2): 80–100, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.06.003
Wang Heng, Zhang Ping, Hu Shuai, et al. 2020b. Tidal regime shift in Lingdingyang Bay, the Pearl River Delta: an identification and assessment of driving factors. Hydrological Processes, 34(13): 2878–2894, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13773
Wei Fengying. 2007. Climatological Statistical Diagnosis and Prediction Technology (in Chinese). Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 62
Winterwerp J C. 2011. Fine sediment transport by tidal asymmetry in the high-concentrated Ems River: indications for a regime shift in response to channel deepening. Ocean Dynamics, 61(2–3): 203–215, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-010-0332-0
Winterwerp J C, Wang Zhengbing. 2013. Man-induced regime shifts in small estuaries: I. theory. Ocean Dynamics, 63(11–12): 1279–1292, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-013-0662-9
Wu Ziyin, Milliman J D, Zhao Dineng, et al. 2014. Recent geomorphic change in Lingding Bay, China, in response to economic and urban growth on the Pearl River Delta, Southern China. Global and Planetary Change, 123: 1–12, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.10.009
Wu Ziyin, Milliman J D, Zhao Dineng, et al. 2018. Geomorphologic changes in the lower Pearl River Delta, 1850–2015, largely due to human activity. Geomorphology, 314: 42–54, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.05.001
Wu Ziyin, Saito Y, Zhao Dineng, et al. 2016a. Impact of human activities on subaqueous topographic change in Lingding Bay of the Pearl River Estuary, China, during 1955–2013. Scientific Reports, 6(1): 37742, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37742
Wu Chuangshou, Yang Shilun, Huang Shichang, et al. 2016b. Delta changes in the Pearl River Estuary and its response to human activities (1954–2008). Quaternary International, 392: 147–154, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.04.009
Ye L, Preiffer K D. 1990. Studies of 2D & 3D numerical simulation of Kelvin tide wave in Nei Lingdingyang at Pearl River Estuary. Ocean Engineering, 8(4): 33–44
Zhang Wei, Cao Yu, Zhu Yuliang, et al. 2017. Flood frequency analysis for alterations of extreme maximum water levels in the Pearl River Delta. Ocean Engineering, 129: 117–132, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.11.013
Zhang Wei, Cao Yu, Zhu Yuliang, et al. 2018. Unravelling the causes of tidal asymmetry in deltas. Journal of Hydrology, 564: 588–604, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.07.023
Zhang Wei, Xu Yang, Hoitink A J F, et al. 2015. Morphological change in the Pearl River Delta, China. Marine Geology, 363: 202–219, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2015.02.012
Zhou Qing, Gong Qinghua, Sun Zhongyu, et al. 2016. Long-term geomorphic changes in the coastal profile of Lingding Bay in the Pearl River Estuary and the response to tides since 1906. Journal of Disaster Research, 11(5): 995–1002, doi: https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0995
Acknowledgements
The S_TIDE toolbox can be freely accessed via the following link: https://www.researchgate.net/project/A-non-stationary-tidal-analysis-toolbox-S-TIDE.
Funding
Foundation item: The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No. 2016YFC0402600; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 51979296; the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program of China under contract No. 202002030452.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, P., Yang, Q., Pan, H. et al. Impacts of human interventions on the seasonal and nodal dynamics of the M2 and K1 tidal constituents in Lingdingyang Bay of the Zhujiang River Delta, China. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 40, 49–64 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-021-1831-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-021-1831-1