Abstract
In this study, AA7075/SiC/TiB2 hybrid composites were fabricated using the top-loaded bottom-pouring stir-casting route. The primary reinforcement, silicon carbide (SiC), and the secondary reinforcement, titanium diboride (TiB2), were used in weight percentages of 0–12% and 3%, respectively. The effect of reinforcement addition on the microstructure, physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the hybrid composites was investigated using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), as well as tensile, compression, hardness, and wear testing machine. The results showed that the addition of SiC and TiB2 reinforcement materials can significantly enhance the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, compressive strength, and hardness of the hybrid composite, with a maximum increment of 21.86%, 20.33%, 46.32%, and 32.56%, respectively, compared to unreinforced AA7075 alloy. The microstructure results indicated a homogeneous particle dispersion in the molten matrix. The SiC and TiB2-reinforced AA7075 matrix composites present an excellent choice for automotive, aerospace, and marine applications.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Data Availability
All data sources are described in this study are directed at the author.
References
Rao CM, Mallikarjuna Rao K (2018) Abrasive wear behaviour of TiB2 fabricated aluminum 6061. Mater Today Proc 5(1):268–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.082
Singh N, Mir IUH, Raina A, Anand A, Kumar V, Sharma SM (2018) Synthesis and tribological investigation of Al-SiC based nano hybrid composite. Alex Eng J 57(3):1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.05.008
Sethi D, Kumar S, Choudhury S, Shekhar S, Saha B (2020) Synthesis and characterization of AA7075/TiB2 aluminum matrix composite formed through stir casting method. Mater Today Proc 26:1908–1913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.418
Manoj M, Jinu GR, Kumar JS, Mugendiran V (2021) Effect of TiB2 particles on the morphological, mechanical and corrosion behaviour of Al7075 metal matrix composite produced using stir casting process. Int J Met 16(3):1517–1532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00696-3
Bommana D, Dora TRK, Senapati NP, Kumar AS (2021) Effect of 6 Wt.% particle (B4C + SiC) reinforcement on mechanical properties of AA6061 aluminum hybrid MMC. Silicon 1:4197–4206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01210-4
Ko S et al (2020) Fabrication of TiB2-Al1050 composites with improved microstructural and mechanical properties by a liquid pressing infiltration process. Materials (Basel) 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071588
Muniappan A, Vamsikrishna B, Charankumar RG, et al (2015) Fabrication of hybrid aluminium composite using stir casting method. Int J Appl Eng Res 10:38–43
Balaji V, Sateesh N, Hussain MM (2015) Manufacture of aluminium metal matrix composite (Al7075-SiC) by stir casting technique. Mater Today Proc 2(4–5):3403–3408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.315
Shivananda Murthy KV, Girish DP, Keshavamurthy R, Varol T, Koppad PG (2017) Mechanical and thermal properties of AA7075/TiO2/Fly ash hybrid composites obtained by hot forging. Prog Nat Sci Mater Int 27(4):474–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2017.08.005
Yuvaraj N, Aravindan S (2015) Fabrication of Al5083 / B 4 C surface composite by friction stir processing and its tribological characterization. Integr Med Res 4(4):398–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.02.006
Zayed EM, Ahmed MMZ, Rashad RM (2019) Development and characterization of AA5083 reinforced with SiC and Al 2 O 3 particles by friction stir processing. Springer International Publishing
Manohar G, Pandey KM, Maity SR (2021) Effect of microwave sintering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075/B4C/ZrC hybrid nano composite fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques. Ceram Int 47(23):32610–32618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.08.156
Ravikumar LVTVAK (2019) Microstructural characteristics and mechanical behaviour of aluminium hybrid composites reinforced with groundnut shell ash and B 4 C. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 41(7):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1800-1
Prema CE, Suresh S, Ramanan G, Sivaraj M (2020) Characterization, corrosion and failure strength analysis of Al7075 influenced with B4C and Nano-Al2O3 composite using online acoustic emission. Mater Res Express 7:16524. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab6257
Sreedhar N, Balaguru S (2020) Mechanical and tribological behaviour of al 7075 hybrid mnc’s using stir casting method. Int J Mech Prod Eng Res Dev 10(3):391–400. https://doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun202036
Mohanavel V, Kumar SS, Sathish T, Adithiyaa T, Mariyappan K (2018) ScienceDirect Microstructure and mechanical properties of hard ceramic particulate reinforced AA7075 alloy composites via liquid metallurgy route. Mater Today Proc 5(13):26860–26865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.08.168
Mandava RK, Reddy VV, Rao VRK, Reddy KS (2021) Wear and frictional behaviour of Al 7075/FA/SiC hybrid MMC’s using response surface methodology. SILICON. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01300-3
Bhushan RK, Kumar S, Das S (2013) Fabrication and characterization of 7075 Al alloy reinforced with SiC particulates. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 65(5–8):611–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4200-6
Sahu MK, Sahu RK (2020) Experimental investigation, modeling, and optimization of wear parameters of B4C and fly-ash reinforced aluminum hybrid composite. Front Phys 8(July):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.00219
Umanath K, Palanikumar K, Selvamani ST (2013) Analysis of dry sliding wear behaviour of Al6061/SiC/Al2O 3 hybrid metal matrix composites. Compos Part B Eng 53:159–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.04.051
Bin Li A, Xu HY, Geng L, Li BL, Bin Tan Z, Ren W (2012) Preparation and characterization of SiC p/2024Al composite foams by powder metallurgy. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China (English Ed) 22(SUPPL. 1):33–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(12)61680-X
Suresh S, Natarajan E, Shanmugam R, Venkatesan K, Saravanakumar N, AntoDilip A (2022) Strategized friction stir welded AA6061-T6/SiC composite lap joint suitable for sheet metal applications. J Mater Res Technol 21:30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.09.022
Bhowmik A, Dey D, Biswas A (2021) Characteristics Study of Physical, Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of SiC/TiB2 Dispersed Aluminium Matrix Composite. Silicon 1133–1146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00923-2
Chen Y, Jian Z, Ren Y, Li K, Dang B, Guo L (2023) Influence of TiB2 volume fraction on SiCp/AlSi10Mg composites by LPBF: microstructure, mechanical, and physical properties. J Mater Res Technol 23:3697–3710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.02.031
Fenghong C, Chang C, Zhenyu W, Muthuramalingam T, Anbuchezhiyan G (2019) Effects of silicon carbide and tungsten carbide in aluminium metal matrix composites. SILICON 11(6):2625–2632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-018-0051-6
Suresh S, Venkatesan K, Natarajan E (2018) Influence of SiC Nanoparticle Reinforcement on FSS Welded 6061–T6 Aluminum Alloy. J Nanomater 2018:7031867. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7031867
Singh NK, Balaguru S (2023) Experimental analysis of foaming agent contents in AA7075/SiC closed cell aluminum composite foam BT - recent advances in mechanical engineering. In: Sethuraman B, Jain P, Gupta M (eds). Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp 567–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2349-6_51
Rathore RK, Singh NK, Xavier JF (2021) Characterization of AA7075 alloy foam using calcium and magnesium carbonate as foaming agent BT - processing and characterization of materials: Select proceedings of CPCM 2020. In: Pal S, Roy D, Sinha SK (eds). Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3937-1_30
Imran M, Khan ARA (2019) Characterization of Al-7075 metal matrix composites: a review. J Mater Res Technol 8(3):3347–3356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2017.10.012
Sunar T, Tuncay T, Özyürek D, Gürü M (2020) Investigation of mechanical properties of AA7075 alloys aged by various heat treatments. Phys Met Metallogr 121(14):1440–1446. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X20140161
Johny James S, Venkatesan K, Kuppan P, Ramanujam R (2014) Comparative study of composites reinforced with SiC and TiB 2. Procedia Eng 97:1012–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.378
Khairaldien WM, Khalil AA, Bayoumi MR (2007) Production of aluminum-silicon carbide composites using powder metallurgy at sintering temperatures above the aluminum melting point. J Test Eval 35(6):655–667. https://doi.org/10.1520/jte100677
Chandla NK, Yashpal, Kant S, Goud MM, Jawalkar CS (2020) Experimental analysis and mechanical characterization of Al 6061/alumina/bagasse ash hybrid reinforced metal matrix composite using vacuum-assisted stir casting method. J Compos Mater 54(27):4283–4297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998320929417
Rathore RK, Singh NK, Sinha AK, Panthi SK, Sharma AK (2022) Mechanical properties of lightweight aluminium hybrid composite foams (AHCFs) for structural applications. Adv Mater Process Technol 8(4):4194–4208. https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2022.2048498
Dey D, Bhowmik A, Biswas A (2021) Characterization of physical and mechanical properties of aluminium based composites reinforced with titanium diboride particulates. J Compos Mater 55(14):1979–1991. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998320980800
Karpasand F, Abbasi A, Ardestani M (2020) Effect of amount of TiB2 and B4C particles on tribological behavior of Al7075/B4C/TiB2 mono and hybrid surface composites produced by friction stir processing. Surf Coat Technol. 390(19):125680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125680
Sinha AK, Narang HK, Bhattacharya S (2021) Experimental determination, modelling and prediction of sliding wear of hybrid polymer composites using RSM and fuzzy logic. Arab J Sci Eng 46(3):2071–2082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04997-3
Singh NK, Sethuraman B (2023) Development and characterization of Aluminium AA7075 hybrid composite foams (AHCFs) using SiC and TiB2 Reinforcement. Int J Met. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-01009-6
Ramadoss N, Pazhanivel K, Ganeshkumar A, Arivanandhan M (2023) Microstructural, mechanical and corrosion behaviour of B4C/BN-reinforced Al7075 matrix hybrid composites. Int J Met 17:499–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-022-00791-z
Thamilarasan J, Karthik K, Balaguru S, et al (2023) An investigation on the mechanical properties of graphene nanocomposite BT - recent advances in mechanical engineering. In: Sethuraman B, Jain P, Gupta M (eds). Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2349-6_44
Venugopal S, Karikalan L (2020) Microstructure and physical properties of hybrid metal matrix composites AA6061-TiO2-SiC via stir casting techniques. Mater Today Proc 37(Part 2):1289–1294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.462
Balaguru S, Kumar KN, Natarajan E (2018) Experimental and numerical investigation on mechanical properties of AA6061T6 reinforced with SiC and Al2O3. Int J Mech Prod Eng Res Dev 201–206
Manohar G, Pandey KM, Maity SR (2022) Effect of variations in microwave processing temperatures on microstructural and mechanical properties of AA7075/SiC/graphite hybrid composite fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques. Silicon 14:7831–7847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01554-x
Manikandan R, Arjunan TV (2020) Studies on micro structural characteristics, mechanical and tribological behaviours of boron carbide and cow dung ash reinforced aluminium (Al 7075) hybrid metal matrix composite. Compos Part B Eng 183:107668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107668
Liu S, Wang Y, Muthuramalingam T, Anbuchezhiyan G (2019) Effect of B 4 C and MOS 2 reinforcement on micro structure and wear properties of aluminum hybrid composite for automotive applications. Compos Part B 176(August):107329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107329
Khan AH, Shah SAA, Umar F, et al (2022) Investigating the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Novel Ternary Reinforced AA7075 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite. Materials (Basel) 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155303
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the present work as part of research work funded by VIT Bhopal University under Support for Excellence in Academic Research (SPEAR) grant number SMG-01.
Funding
This work was supported by VIT Bhopal University under Support for Excellence in Academic Research (SPEAR) grant number SMG-01.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
NKS: Fabrication, testing, Investigation, Resources, and Writing—original draft.
BS: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—review & editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The Authors declare that they don’t have known personal relationships or competing financial interest that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this manuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics Approval
No ethical issues arose during either the experimental process or the preparation of the manuscript.
Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals
Not applicable.
Informed Consent
Not applicable.
Consent to Participate
All the Authors are happily agreeing to contribute in this research work.
Consent for Publication
All authors have given their consent to publish this manuscript.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, N.K., Balaguru, S. Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Al-Zn-Cu Alloy /SiC/TiB2 Hybrid Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite using Top Loaded Bottom Pouring Stir Casting Method. Silicon 16, 45–59 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02648-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02648-4