Abstract
A periclase-hercynite brick was prepared via reaction sintering at 1600°C for 6 h in air using magnesia and reaction-sintered hercynite as raw materials. The microstructure development of the periclase-hercynite brick during sintering was investigated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that during sintering, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Al3+ ions in hercynite crystals migrate and react with periclase to form (Mg1-x Fe x )(Fe2-y Al y )O4 spinel with a high Fe/Al ratio. Meanwhile, Mg2+ in periclase crystals migrates into hercynite crystals and occupies the oxygen tetrahedron vacancies. This Mg2+ migration leads to the formation of (Mg1-u Fe u )(Fe2-v Al v )O4 spinel with a lower Fe/Al ratio and results in Al3+ remaining in hercynite crystals. Cation diffusion between periclase and hercynite crystals promotes the sintering process and results in the formation of a microporous structure.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
D.J. Bray, Toxicity of chromium compounds formed in refractories, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 64(1985), No. 7, p. 1012.
G.P. Liu, N. Li, W. Yan, C.H. Gao, W. Zhou, and Y.Y. Li, Composition and microstructure of a periclase-composite spinel brick used in the burning zone of a cement rotary kiln, Ceram. Int., 40(2014), No. 6, p. 8149.
G.B. Qiu, C.S. Yue, X. Li, M. Guo, and M. Zhang, Preparation and characterization of regenerated MgO-CaO refractory bricks sintered under different atmospheres, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 21(2014), No. 12, p. 1233.
W.E. Lee and R.E. Moore, Evolution of in-situ refractories in the 20th century, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81(1998), No. 6, p. 1385.
G.E. Goncalves, A.K. Duarte, and P.O.R.C. Brant, Magneisa-spinel brick for cement rotary kilns, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 72(1993), No. 2, p. 49.
PJ.L. Rodríguez, M.A. Rodríguez, S. De Aza, and P. Pena, Reaction sintering of zircon/dolomite mixtures, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 21(2001), No. 3, p. 343.
M. Chen, C.Y. Lu, and J.K. Yu, Improvement in performance of MgO–CaO refractories by addition of nano-sized ZrO2, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 27(2007), No. 16, p. 4633.
S. Serena, M.A. Sainz, and A. Caballero, The system Clinker–MgO–CaZrO3 and its application to the corrosion behavior of CaZrO3/MgO refractory matrix by clinker, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 29(2009), No. 11, p. 2199.
Z.Q. Guo, S. Palco, and M. Rigaud, Bonding of cement clinker onto doloma-based refractories, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 88(2005), No. 6, p. 1481.
J.L. Rodríguez, M.A. Rodríguez, S. De Aza, and P. Pena, Reaction sintering of zircon–dolomite mixtures, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 21(2001), No. 3, p. 343.
E.A. Rodríguez, G. Alan Castillo, T.K. Das, R. Puente-Ornelas, Y. González, A.M. Arato, and J.A. Aguilar-Martínez, MgAl2O4 spinel as an effective ceramic bonding in a MgO–CaZrO3 refractory, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 33(2013), No. 13–14, p. 2767.
J.H. Chen, L.Y. Yu, J.L. Sun, Y. Li, and W.D. Xue, Synthesis of hercynite by reaction sintering, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 31(2011), No. 3, p. 259.
J. Fukushima, Y. Hayashi, and H. Takizawa, Structure and magnetic properties of FeAl2O4 synthesized by microwave magnetic field irradiation, J. Asian Ceram. Soc., 1(2013), No. 1, p. 41.
Z.Q. Guo and J. Nievoll, Application of magnesia–hercynite refractories in cement rotary kilns, China Cem., 2007, No. 5, p. 63.
G.P. Liu, N. Li, W. Yan, G.H. Tao, and Y.Y. Li, Composition and structure of a composite spinel made from magnesia and hercynite, J. Ceram. Process. Res., 13(2012), No. 4, p. 480.
T. Yamashita and P. Hayes, Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in oxide materials, App. Surf. Sci., 254(2008), No. 8, p. 2441.
B. Lavina, F. Princivalle, and A. Della Giusta, Controlled time-temperature oxidation reaction in a synthetic Mg-hercynite, Phys. Chem. Miner., 32(2005), No. 2, p. 83.
W.M. Huang, M. Hillert, and X.Z. Wang, Thermodynamic assessment of the CaO-MgO-SiO2 system, Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 26(1995), No. 9, p. 2293.
A. Shankar, M. Görnerup, A.K. Lahiri, and S. Seetharaman, Experimental Investigation of the Viscosities in CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 and CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 Slags, Metall. Mater. Trans. B., 38(2007), No. 6, p. 911.
E.F. Osborn, R.C. DeVries, K.H. Gee, and H.M. Kraner, Optimum composition of blast furnace slag as deduced from liquidus data for the quaternary system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, Trans. AIME, 200(1954), No. 6, p. 33.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, P., Chen, Jh., Yan, Mw. et al. Morphology characterization of periclase–hercynite refractories by reaction sintering. Int J Miner Metall Mater 22, 1219–1224 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-015-1188-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-015-1188-6