Abstract
Early Paleozoic magmatism in the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt (WKOB) preserves important information about the tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. This paper reports whole-rock compositions, zircon and apatite U-Pb dating, and zircon Hf isotopes for the Qiaerlong Pluton (QEL) at the northwestern margin of WKOB, with the aim of elucidating the petrogenesis of the pluton and shedding insights into the subduction-collision process of this oceanic slab. The QEL is mainly composed of Ordovician quartz monzodiorite (479 ± 3 Ma), quartz monzonite (467–472 Ma), and syenogranite (463 ± 4 Ma), and is intruded by Middle Silurian peraluminous granite (429 ± 20 Ma) and diabase (421 ± 4 Ma). Zircon εHf(t) values reveal that quartz monzodiorites (+2.1 to +9.9) and quartz monzonites (+0.6 to +6.8) were derived from a mixed source of juvenile crust and older lower crust, and syenogranites (−5.6 to +4.5) and peraluminous granites (−2.9 to +2.0) were generated from a mixed source of lower crust and upper crust; diabases had zircon εHf(t) values ranging from −0.3 to +4.1, and contained 463 ± 5 Ma captured zircon and 1 048 ± 39 Ma inherited zircon, indicating they originated from enriched lithospheric mantle and were contaminated by crustal materials. The Ordovician granitoids are enriched in LILEs and light rare-earth elements, and depleted in HFSEs with negative Nb, Ta, P, and Ti anomalies, suggesting that they formed in a subduction environment. Middle Silurian peraluminous granites have the characteristics of leucogranites with high SiO2 contents (74.92 wt.%–75.88 wt.%) and distinctly negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.03–0.14), indicating that they belong to highly fractionated granite and were formed in a post-collision extension setting. Comparative analysis of these results with other Early Paleozoic magmas reveals that the Proto-Tethys ocean closed before the Middle Silurian and its southward subduction resulted in the formation of QEL.
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Acknowledgments
This contribution was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Nos. U1603245, 41703051, U1812402), the Chinese Academy of Sciences “Light of West China” Program, and the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province (No. [2018] 1171). The authors thank Mr. Guangbing Ding and Mr. Hongjun Qin for fieldwork assistance, and are grateful to Dr. Yanwen Tang (U-Pb dating), Ms. Shuqing Yang (whole-rock major element), Ms. Jing Hu and Ms. Yan Huang (whole-rock trace element), Dr. Youwei Chen (Hf isotope), and Ms. Shaohua Dong (Cath-odoluminescence) for experiment analysis. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-021-1453-8.
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Xu, J., Zhang, Z., Wu, C. et al. Early Ordovician–Middle Silurian Subduction-Closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean: Evidence from the Qiaerlong Pluton at the Northwestern Margin of the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt, NW China. J. Earth Sci. 35, 430–448 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-021-1453-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-021-1453-8